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    A study of antibacterial and antioxidant activities of bee products: Propolis, pollen and honey samples
    (Ethiopian Public Health Association, 2018) Karadal F.; Onmaz N.E.; Abay S.; Yildirim Y.; Al S.; Tatyuz I.; Akcay A.
    Background: The medicinal use of products made by bees is called apitherapy. Apitherapy has become popular as an alternative treatment in recent years. Pharmaceutical properties of bee products depend on biological activities such as antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Objective: This study was undertaken to comparatively evaluate the bee products for their antioxidant and antibacterial activities against Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli O157: H7 and Salmonella Enteritidis. Methods: The agar well diffusion method was used for the determination of antibacterial effect of bee products. The samples were evaluated for antioxidant capacity by ELISA using Total Antioxidant Status (TAS) assay kit. Results: All tested honey samples exhibited a measurable antibacterial activity against all of the tested bacteria with different values. Also, two of the propolis extract showed inhibitory effect only against L. monocytogenes. Four pollen extracts inhibited the growth of S. aureus and L. monocytogenes with different values. The propolis extracts showed the highest antioxidant capacity. Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrated that the antibacterial and antioxidant properties of the bee product of Turkey origin seems to be promising to be used for food preservation and prevention of human health against diseases and disorders. © 2018 Ethiopian Public Health Association.
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    The right-populism and the rising of far-right in Europe in the context of the crisis of liberal democracy [Liberal Demokrasinin Krizi Baglaminda Avrupa'da Sag-Popölizm ve Yökselen Aşiri-Sag]
    (TURKIYE ORTADOGU AMME IDARES IENSTITUSU, 2017) Yildirim Y.
    The study aims to analyze the reason and results of the radical or extreme-right movement and parties in Europe in the framework of the thought that populism is the inner crisis of liberal democracy. This paper analyzes the extreme political party cases, which raise their voting rate in the European Parliament elections and national or local parliament elections and the radicalization of mainstream parties, which are under the effect of those parties, especially in Poland and Hungary. These countries have got back to domination of domestic politics in the process that declining of Europeanization and the failure of moving European Union to another stage in the constitution debate. Populist radical right has raised its power on this process. While these parties offer a new politics, new democracy have to go beyond free market-based version and not go back to basic universal human rights.