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    DNA based iPBS-retrotransposon markers for investigating the population structure of pea (Pisum Sativum) germplasm from Turkey
    (Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2015) Baloch, Faheem Shehzad; Alsaleh, Ahmad; Saenz de Miera, Luis E.; Hatipoglu, Rustu; Ciftci, Vandettin; Karakoy, Tolga; Yildiz, Mehtap
    Retrotransposons have been highly studied in monocots; however retrotransposon diversity in dicot crops has not been well documented. Our objective was to assess the diversity harbored by field pea landraces using retrotranposon markers. In this research, molecular characterization of 104 landraces and 34 field pea breeding lines was assessed using newly developed iPBS-retrotransposon markers. The 12 iPBS-retrotransposon primers generated a total 106 scorable bands, and 81 of these were found to be polymorphic (76.4%), with an average of 6.75 polymorphic fragments per primer. Polymorphism information content (PIC) ranged from 0.33 to 0.84 with an average of 0.61. It was evident that field pea landraces from the same geographical region were often placed in different groups in the neighbor joining analysis, indicating that grouping based on genetic parameters was not closely related to the geographical origin. The population structure was determined by using STRUCTURE software, and three populations at K = 3 and five populations at K = 5 were identified among landraces. The plentiful diversity present in Turkish field pea landraces could be used as genetic resource in designing breeding program, and may also contribute to worldwide pea breeding programs. Our data also suggested a role of iPBS-retrotransposons as 'a universal marker' for molecular characterization of pea germplasm. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Genetic and phenotypic variation of Turkish Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) accessions and their possible relationship with American, Indian and African germplasms
    (Springer India, 2016) Yildiz, Mehtap; Ekbic, Ercan; Duzyaman, Eftal; Serce, Sedat; Abak, Kazim
    Okra is an important vegetable crop that provides a significant portion of vitamins and minerals for populations in several countries. Okra has been cultivated in Turkey for centuries, and was likely introduced by the Arabs from Africa in ancient times. In this study, we aimed to clarify the genetic variation within 35 Turkish okra germplasm, by comparing it against 25 different genotypes from India, Africa, and the United States, using 30 morphological characters and 19 sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) primer combinations. Fruit, leaf, and stem color were the primary characteristics to distinguish the okra accessions. Those features, among 30 individual phenotypic traits, explained 42 % of phenotypic variation in the first three axes of the principal component analysis (PCA) with leaf shape, flower size, cotyledon length, fruit-surface angularity, cotyledon width, and petal color. Phenotypic observation results showed that while 1051 Togo (10.76), Red Wonder (7.99), TR-05-1 (7.2), 1159 Togo (7.17), and Red Balady (7.15) were found to be more divergent accessions, Cajun Queen (5.06), Perkins Spineless (5.09), Jade (5.18), TR-01-1 (5.2), and DLGG (5.32) were the closest okra accessions. According to phenotypic data, Turkish okra accessions were located adjacent to the Indian, American, and African okra accessions in clusters three and four. However, marker data showed that African okra possessed a more distinct form compared to the other okra germplasms. Nineteen SRAP primer combinations produced 92 bands and 29 (31.5 %) of them were found to be polymorphic among okra accessions. 1051 Togo was found to be the most divergent accession in phenotypic observation.