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    Development of cathodes for methanol and ethanol fuelled low temperature (300-600 degrees C) solid oxide fuel cells
    (PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2007) Mat, Mahmut D.; Liu, Xiangrong; Zhu, Zhigang; Zhu, Bin
    We have made extensive efforts to develop various compatible cathode materials for the ceria-carbonate composite (CCC) electrolytes to be used in direct alcohol fuelled solid oxide fuel cells (DLFC). The following cathode materials were mainly investigated: (i) BSCF (BaSrCoFeO) perovskite oxide; (ii) LFN (LaFeO-based oxides, e.g. LaFe0.8Ni0.2O3) perovskite oxides; (iii) bi- or tri-phase metal oxides with or without lithiation. A number of copper- and nickel-based anode composites were also developed for methanol and ethanol with maximum catalytic activity. The tri-metal oxide (CuNiOx-ZnO) cathode produced the maximum power density output of 500 mW/cm(-2) at 580 degrees C for DLFC with methanol operation. (c) 2007 International Association for Hydrogen Energy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Studies on Dual Phase Ceria-based Composites in Electrochemistry
    (ELECTROCHEMICAL SCIENCE GROUP, 2006) Zhu, Bin; Mat, Mahmut D.
    The ceria-based dual-phase composites have been recently developed as functional electrolytes successful for intermediate and low temperature solid oxide fuel cell applications. These composite materials showed many unique advantages over the conventional single-phase electrolytes, such as superionic conduction in two-phase interfaces, dual proton and oxygen ion conduction resulting in extremely high ion conductivity and high current outputs in fuel cell and other applications, e. g. electrolysis. Interfacial superionic conduction is a characteristic for high conducting dual-phase composites. The composite approach can combine or integrate multi-ion functions, typically, dual H(+) and O(2-)conduction together to enhance the material conductivity and device performance. Dual or hybrid H+ and O(2-)conduction is based on a consideration that both proton (H+) and oxygen ion (O(2-)) are the fuel cell source ions. Proton conduction is important for LTSOFCs since it can be activated easier than oxygen ions in the low temperature (LT, 300-600 degrees C) region. The superionic conduction, dual phase proton and oxygen ion transport make significant conduction and electrical contributions for electrochemical devices. This paper makes a review on these recent studies.