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    Causes of Blindness and Moderate to Severe Visual Impairment in Niğde, Central Anatolia, Turkey
    (2019) Küçük, Erkut; Zor, Kürşad Ramazan; Yılmaz, Uğur
    Objective: We investigated the causes of blindness and moderate to severe visual impairment (MSVI) in the Niğde provinceof Turkey using the disability health board records of the Niğde State Hospital.Materials and Methods: The disability health board reports of Niğde State Hospital recorded between 2011 and 2015were retrospectively evaluated. The causes of blindness and MSVI were determined using the cause in the better-seeing eye,based on World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. The overall, age-related, and gender specific causes of blindness andMSVI were identified.Results: During the study period, 335 subjects were recorded as blind and 381 subjects were recorded as having MSVI. The maincauses of blindness were retinitis pigmentosa (14.6%), age-related macular degeneration (AMD) (12.2%), and diabetic retinopathy(12.2%). In the MSVI group, the main causes were cataract (18.4%), AMD (16.5%), and diabetic retinopathy (13.9%).Conclusion: Retinitis pigmentosa, AMD, and diabetic retinopathy were the leading causes of blindness, and, in addition tothese, cataract was a prominent cause of MSVI. The prevalence of retinitis pigmentosa was unexpectedly high in this regionof Turkey, which may be due to the high frequency of consanguineous marriages that are commonly seen in Middle Easterncountries. This information is important for planning public health policies and raising public awareness of the visual impairment,given that several leading causes of visual impairment are reversible or preventable.
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    Tear Film Functions and Dry Eye Symptoms in Young Patients with Pterygium
    (2020) Küçük, Erkut; Yılmaz, Uğur; Zor, Kürşad Ramazan
    Objectives: This study was performed to evaluate the Schirmer II test (ST2) results, tear breakup time (TBUT) findings,and Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) scores of pterygium patients under 30 years of age, and to compare the resultswith pterygium patients aged 30 years and older and healthy controls.Methods: Eighty-four eyes of 60 patients who had primary pterygium and were younger than 30 years of age (Group1), 79 eyes of 53 patients who had primary pterygium and were 30 years of age and older (Group 2), and 64 eyes of 64healthy controls (Group 3) were included in the study. The results of ST2 and TBUT tests and the OSDI questionnairescores were recorded and compared.Results: Group 1 had lower TBUT values compared to Group 2 and the control group (p= 0.03 and p<0.001, respectively). Group 1 had lower ST2 values than the control group (p<0.001). There was no significant difference in the ST2results between Group 1 and Group 2 (p=0.08). Group 1 had higher OSDI scores than the control group (p=0.003). Therewas no significant difference in the OSDI scores between Group 1 and Group 2 (p=0.7).Conclusion: The results indicated that young patients with pterygium had lower ST2 results, lower TBUT values, andhigher OSDI scores compared to the control group, and lower TBUT values compared to older patients with pterygium.Tear film abnormality may be a factor in the pterygium pathogenesis, especially in young patients, and may increase thevulnerability of the ocular surface of young people to environmental factors, leading to pterygium formation.