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Öğe An Optical Coherence Tomography Study that Supports the Neurovascular Basis of Schizophrenia Disease(Aves, 2022) Kurt, Aydin; Zor, Kursad Ramazan; Kucuk, Erkut; Yildirim, Gamze; Ersan, Etem ErdalObjectives: Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) is a non-penetrating, quick, and practical device which enables measurement of the chorioretinal layers. In this study, our purpose was to investigate the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and choroidal thickness in schizophrenia patients, using SD-OCT, and compare the -findings with those of the control group. Methods: For the study, 44 patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, and 41 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were enrolled. Both eyes of each participant were-evaluated. RNFL was measured and analyzed automatically with optical coherence tomography. Scans for choroidal thickness were obtained with the enhanced depth imaging mode of the SD-OCT device and measured manually. Results: The average age of schizophrenia patients was 47.82, and it was 45.5 for the control group. The mean illness duration of the patients was 24.79 years. According to the results of this study, all choroidal measures (nasal, subfoveal, and temporal) of both eyes, and the RNFL thickness of schizophrenia patients, were significantly thinner than that of healthy controls. The chorioretinal measures of both eyes were similar. The results showed that a weak negative correlation was present between illness duration and choroidal diameter. Conclusion: In addition to demonstrating the thinning of RNFL in schizophrenia patients, as frequently reported in the literature, the results of this study show, for the first time, that choroidal thickness is considerably decreased in schizophrenia patients compared to the healthy controls, using SD-OCT. Keeping in mind that the choroid is a vascular layer, these results support the neurovascular hypothesis of schizophrenia.Öğe Analysis of pupillary responses in pediatric patients with vitamin D deficiency(Springer, 2024) Bicer, Gamze Yildirim; Oztorun, Zeynep Yilmaz; Bicer, Kadir Eren; Zor, Kursad RamazanPurpose To evaluate the effects of vitamin D deficiency on pupillary responses in the pediatric population. Methods The study was conducted using data from the right eyes of 52 children with vitamin D deficiency and 52 healthy children. Measurements were taken under static and dynamic conditions with automatic pupillometry. Static measurements were performed at scotopic, mesopic, and photopic light intensities. The mean pupil dilation speed was calculated by observing the changes in pupil dilation over time according to dynamic measurements. Differences between patient and control groups were analyzed for the static and dynamic measurements and the mean pupil dilation speed. Results While the two groups were similar in terms of scotopic, mesopic, the first dynamic measurements, and the pupil dilation speed data (p > 0.05), a significant difference was found in the photopic conditions (p = 0.001). The mean pupil diameter of the patient group was 4.46 +/- 0.928 mm and 3.95 +/- 0.556 mm in the control group under photopic conditions. Conclusions Pediatric patients with vitamin D deficiency have significantly larger pupil diameters in photopic conditions than healthy children. These results suggest that there is an autonomic dysfunction in vitamin D deficiency in the pediatric population, especially pointing to the parasympathetic system.Öğe Can the long term using of pregabalin in fibromyalgia affect the choroid and retinal nerve fiber layer?(Springernature, 2022) Bicer, Gamze Yildirim; Zor, Kursad Ramazan; Bicer, Kadir Eren; Kucuk, Erkut; Kucuk, Esin BenliBackground In this study, the effects of long-term pregabalin use on the choroid and retinal nerve fiber layer were investigated in the fibromyalgia disease. Methods The patient group consisted of 41 fibromyalgia patients using pregabalin. The control group consisted of 41 newly diagnosed fibromyalgia patients who had not received any treatment yet. Choroidal and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness measurements were performed with Cirrus HD-OCT (Carl Zeiss Meditec Inc., Dublin, CA, USA) 30 minutes after pupil dilation with 1% tropicamide. Results There was no difference in subfoveal choroidal thickness, nasal choroidal thickness and temporal choroidal thickness between the patient and control groups (p > 0.05). Increasing the duration of drug use within the patient group was found to thin the retinal nerve fiber layer (p < 0.05). Conclusion We found that pregabalin had no effect on the choroid, while it had a thinning effect for retinal nerve fiber layer. It is recommended not to be preferred pregabalin in fibromyalgia patients with retinal nerve fiber layer damage such as diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma. Patients treated with pregabalin should have regular control in the ophthalmology clinic.Öğe Causes of Blindness and Moderate to Severe Visual Impairment in Nigde, Central Anatolia, Turkey(Erciyes Univ Sch Medicine, 2019) Kucuk, Erkut; Zor, Kursad Ramazan; Yilmaz, UgurObjective: We investigated the causes of blindness and moderate to severe visual impairment (MSVI) in the Nigde province of Turkey using the disability health board records of the Nigde State Hospital. Materials and Methods: The disability health board reports of Nigde State Hospital recorded between 2011 and 2015 were retrospectively evaluated. The causes of blindness and MSVI were determined using the cause in the better-seeing eye, based on World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. The overall, age-related, and gender specific causes of blindness and MSVI were identified. Results: During the study period, 335 subjects were recorded as blind and 381 subjects were recorded as having MSVI. The main causes of blindness were retinitis pigmentosa (14.6%), age-related macular degeneration (AMD) (12.2%), and diabetic retinopathy (12.2%). In the MSVI group, the main causes were cataract (18.4%), AMD (16.5%), and diabetic retinopathy (13.9%). Conclusion: Retinitis pigmentosa, AMD, and diabetic retinopathy were the leading causes of blindness, and, in addition to these, cataract was a prominent cause of MSVI. The prevalence of retinitis pigmentosa was unexpectedly high in this region of Turkey, which may be due to the high frequency of consanguineous marriages that are commonly seen in Middle Eastern countries. This information is important for planning public health policies and raising public awareness of the visual impairment, given that several leading causes of visual impairment are reversible or preventable.Öğe Choroidal thickness and retinal nerve fiber layer analysis in acute systemic brucellosis(Sage Publications Inc, 2021) Zor, Kursad Ramazan; Gulen, Tugba Arslan; Bicer, Gamze Yildirim; Kucuk, Erkut; Imre, Ayfer; Odemis, Ilker; Kayabas, UnerIntroduction This study aims to detect changes in choroidal thickness and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in acute stage brucellosis. Methods Fnewly diagnosed patients with acute brucellosis and 19 healthy individuals as control group were included in the study. Choroidal thickness and RNFL thickness were measured using the Spectral Domain Cirrus OCT Model 400 (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany) for each participant in the patient and control group. Results In the brucella group, in the right eyes, the mean nasal choroidal thickness was 272.77 +/- 50.26 mu m (p = 0.689), the mean subfoveal choroidal thickness was 321.14 +/- 33.08 mu m (p = 0.590), the mean temporal choroidal thickness was 278.86 +/- 48.84 mu m (p = 0.478), and the mean RNFL thickness was 90.43 +/- 8.93 mu m (p = 0.567). In the left eyes, the mean nasal choroidal thickness was 282.29 +/- 48.93 mu m (p = 0.715), the mean subfoveal choroidal thickness was 316.79 +/- 39.57 mu m (p = 0.540), the mean temporal choroidal thickness was 284.93 +/- 50.57 mu m (p = 0.392), and the mean RNFL thickness was 92.64 +/- 8.95 mu m (p = 0.813). Conclusion No difference was found between the control and the brucella groups regarding to all choroidal regions and RNFL thickness.Öğe Coenzyme Q10 and Vitamin E Regulate the Bioactivity of Human Corneal Fibroblast Cells(Mary Ann Liebert, Inc, 2024) Zor, Kursad Ramazan; Yilmaz, Ugur; Bozkurt, Serife BuketPurpose: Corneal fibroblasts are involved in the wound healing of the cornea with proliferation, migration, and differentiation processes. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and vitamin E can enhance corneal wound healing when applied after a corneal lesion as an eye drop. Thus, this study was performed to determine the potential efficiency of a CoQ10 ophthalmical solution containing a CoQ10 and vitamin E D-alpha-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS)-derived formulation in human corneal fibroblasts (HCFs) in vitro.Methods: Primary HCFs were obtained from cadaveric corneal tissue, and cell viability was determined using MTT assay at 24 and 72 h. Cell migration was evaluated using an in vitro wound healing assay, and mRNA expressions of collagen type I (COL-I), collagen type III (COL-III), lumican, hyaluronan, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, tissue inhibitors of MMP (TIMP)-1, TIMP-2, interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 were assessed using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction at 24 and 72 h.Results: At various concentrations of CoQ10 ophthalmical solution (CoQ10-os), cell viability and wound healing rates of HCFs increased compared with the control group. The expressions of COL-I, COL-III, lumican, and hyaluronan were increased by CoQ10-os, whereas those of MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, and TIMP-3 were not affected by CoQ10-os at 24 and 72 h. In treating HCFs with a CoQ10-os medium, IL-1 beta, IL-6, and IL-8 decreased, whereas IL-10 was significantly increased in a time- and dose-dependent manner.Conclusions: The findings indicate that CoQ10 and vitamin E-TPGS are potent regulators of the bioactivity of HCFs, thus supporting their potential application as ophthalmical solutions in therapies aimed at the fast regeneration of damaged cornea tissues.Öğe Do static and dynamic pupillary parameters differ according to childhood, adulthood, and old age? A quantitative study in healthy volunteers(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2022) Bicer, Gamze Yildirim; Zor, Kursad Ramazan; Kucuk, ErkutPurpose: We aimed to evaluate the normative pupillometry values and mean pupil dilatation speed in healthy individuals in different age groups in our study. Methods: The study group included 180 eyes of 90 healthy volunteers in different age groups. Group 1 consisted of 30 participants between the ages of 6 and 18, group 2 consisted of 30 participants aged 19-40, and group 3 consisted of 30 participants aged 41-75. Scotopic, mesopic, photopic, and dynamic measurements were taken with automatic pupillometry of Sirius Topographer (CSO, Firenze, Italy). The mean pupil dilation speed at the 18th second was calculated according to dynamic measurements. Results: Group 1 had a significantly larger pupil diameter than groups 2 and 3 in all static and dynamic parameters, and the mean pupil dilation speed was the highest among the groups (P < 0.001 for all static and dynamic parameters). In addition, group 2 had a significantly larger pupil diameter than group 3 (P < 0.001 for all static and dynamic parameters) and the mean pupil dilation speed was faster than group 3 (P = 0.027). Conclusion: We have presented the static and dynamic parameters and the mean speed of pupil dilatation at the 18th second with automatic pupillometry in healthy individuals in childhood, adulthood, and old age. More studies with higher participants and younger age children are needed.Öğe Does choroidal thickness change in advanced hemorrhoids patients?(Edizioni Luigi Pozzi, 2022) Bolat, Haci; Kucuk, Erkut; Zor, Kursad RamazanBACKGROUND: This study was conducted to examine the choroidal thickness of patients with grade 4 hemorrhoids to see if vascular abnormalities in hemorrhoid patients may affect other 'parts of the body. METHODS: 51 patients diagnosed with grade 4 hemorrhoids in the last two years and 49 healthy volunteers were included. Choroidal evaluation was done by measurements from various points of the choroid using a spectral domain Cirrus HD-OCT (Carl Zeiss Meditec Inc.) in enhanced-depth imaging mode. Choroidal thicknesses were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Nasal choroidal thickness, temporal choroidal thickness and mean choroidal thickness measurements were significantly higher in the hemoroid group (p<0.05), while subfoveal choroidal thickness did not differ significantly between the groups. Macular thickness was also significantly higher in the hemoroid group compared to the control group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: There was an increase in choroidal thickness in patients with grade 4 hemorrhoids.Öğe Dry eye in chronic stroke patients with hemiplegia: A cross-sectional study(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2020) Kucuk, Esin Benli; Kucuk, Erkut; Kaydok, Ercan; Zor, Kursad Ramazan; Bicer, Gamze YildirimObjective: Dry eye is reported to be associated with several neurological diseases. The aim of this study is to evaluate the patients with hemiplegia after stroke for dry eye and compare their results with a control group. Materials and methods: Forty-five patients with hemiplegia and 45 individuals as the control group were included in the study. Tear function tests (Schirmer and tear breakup time) and a dry eye questionnaire for dry eye symptoms (ocular surface disease index) were performed and the results of the two groups were compared. Results: Schirmer test results were significantly lower in the post-stroke hemiplegia group compared to the control group (11.3 +/- 8.2 mm and 20.6 +/- 11.6 mm, respectively, p < .001). Tear breakup time results were significantly lower in the post-stroke hemiplegia group compared to the control group (7.9 +/- 3.1 s and 12.1 +/- 4.3 s, respectively, p < .001). Ocular surface disease index scores were not significantly different between hemiplegia and control groups (21.6 +/- 20.0 and 19.8 +/- 13.9, respectively, p = .635). Schirmer scores lower than 10 mm (60% and 30%, p < .001) and tear breakup time results lower than 10 s (65.6% and 28.9%, p < .001) were also higher in the hemiplegia group compared to control group. Conclusion: We found lower Schirmer test and tear breakup time results and similar OSDI scores in hemiplegia patients compared to controls. Hemiplegia patients may have dry eye without typical symptoms. This should be taken into consideration in the follow-up and rehabilitation of post-stroke hemiplegia patients.Öğe Efficacy of automatic pupillometry as a screening technique to detect autonomic dysfunction in bipolar disorder(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2023) Bicer, Gamze Yildirim; Kurt, Aydin; Zor, Kursad RamazanBackgroundThe aim of this study was to compare the static and dynamic pupillary responses of bipolar patients with healthy controls. In addition, pupillary response differences between mania, depression and remission stages were investigated.MethodsThe bipolar patient group consisted of 39 eyes of 39 patients with 13 patients in each of the stages: mania, depression and remission. The control group consisted of 39 eyes of 39 healthy volunteers. After the ophthalmic examination, static and dynamic pupillometry measurements were made. The mean pupil dilatation speed was calculated according to dynamic measurements. Static pupillometry measurements including scotopic, mesopic and photopic pupil diameters; the first dynamic measurements at 0th second and pupillary dilatation speed were used for statistical analysis.ResultsThere was no difference static and the first dynamic pupillometry measurements between the bipolar and control groups (p > 0.05 for all parameters), but there was a significant difference in mean pupil dilatation speed (p = 0.041). No significant differences were found between the 3 groups for all static and the first dynamic pupillometry measurements and the mean pupil dilatation speed (p > 0.05).ConclusionStatic and the first dynamic measurements of bipolar patients were not different from healthy controls. The mean pupil dilatation speed of bipolar patients was significantly lower, but this difference had a low effect size.Öğe Evaluation of nerve innervation distribution of orbicularis oculi muscle for botulinum neurotoxin application using Sihler's method(Elsevier Gmbh, 2024) Cicek, Fatih; Cinaroglu, Selim; Ceranoglu, Faruk Gazi; Kucuk, Erkut; Zor, Kursad RamazanBackground: Blepharospasm is the involuntary and forced closure of the eyelids due to spasm-like contraction of the orbicularis oculi muscle around the eye. The study aimed to reveal the nerve innervation of the orbicularis oculi muscle for Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) treatment of blepharospasm by Sihler's staining technique.Methods: This study used six cephalus (12 orbicularis oculi muscles) with an average age of 69,6 (62-88) years. Then, the orbicularis oculi muscles were removed by dissection, and Sihler's staining technique was applied to the muscles. The limit for dissection of the muscle is the orbital opening level, where the nerves enter the muscle, and the muscle attaches to the bone. Results: In the region above the palpebral fissure, the nerves entering the muscle were densely located in the superolateral quadrant between 9 and 12 o ' clock in the right eye and between 12 and 3 o ' clock in the left eye. In the region under the palpebral fissure, the nerves' density in the orbicularis oculi muscle was higher between 4 and 7 o ' clock in the right eye and between 5 and 8 o ' clock in the left eye.Conclusion: This study unveiled the nerve branches associated with the orbicularis oculi muscle. It pinpointed precise crossing points of these nerve branches, which can be targeted for applying BoNT in treating blepharospasm. Consequently, by utilizing minimal BoNT, it is anticipated that the quantity of toxin administered will decrease, leading to more efficient outcomes and reduced expenses. Furthermore, this approach can aid in averting potential undesired complications during BoNT administration.Öğe EVALUATION OF OXIDATIVE STRESS, 3-NITROTYROSINE, AND HMGB-1 LEVELS IN PATIENTS WITH WET TYPE AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION(Soc Medical Biochemists Serbia, 2022) Zor, Kursad Ramazan; Sari, Ismail; Bicer, Gamze Yildirim; Gunturk, Inayet; Kucuk, Erkut; Ersan, Serpil; Seydel, Gonul SeydaBackground: This study aims to compare serum HMGB-1, 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT), TAS, TOS, and OSI levels in Wettype Age-Related Macular Degeneration (wAMD) patients and healthy controls to determine the correlation of these parameters with each other. Methods: Thirty patients with Wet-type Age-Related Macular Degeneration (wAMD) and 27 healthy adults, as controls were enrolled in the study. We determined the TAS and TOS levels in serum samples of both groups using commercial kits on a microplate reader. Serum HMGB-1 and 3-NT levels were measured with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Results: HMGB-1 levels were significantly higher in the patient group (137.51 pg/mL, p=0.001), while there was no difference between the two groups in serum 3-NT levels (p = 0.428). A statistically significant difference found in the levels of TOS and OSI (p = 0.001 and p = 0.045, respectively) between the patients and controls, however, no significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of TAS levels (p = 0.228). Conclusions: Oxidative stress and HMGB-1 levels were increased in wAMD patients and enhanced oxidative stress may be associated with increased tissue necrosis and inflammation. Thus administration of antioxidant treatment in addition to routine therapy should be considered in wAMD.Öğe How are pupillary parameters affected in pseudoexfoliation syndrome? A quantitative study(Springer, 2023) Bicer, Gamze Yildirim; Zor, Kursad RamazanPurposeWe evaluated the effects of pseudoexfoliation syndrome on dynamic, static pupillary parameters (scotopic, mesopic, photopic) and the pupil dilation speed, with automatic pupillometry.Material and methodsThe study group included 140 eyes with clinically visible pseudoexfoliation material (PXM) of 110 patients. The study group was compared with the control group formed by including 140 eyes of 110 patients. Scotopic measurements at 0.4 lx illumination, mesopic measurements at 4 lx illumination, and photopic measurements at 40 lx illumination were performed. Dynamic measurements were made at 500 lx illumination. The mean pupil dilation speed at 10th second was calculated. In addition, the eyes (80 patients) with clinically unilateral PXM were compared with the other eyes of the patients.ResultsThe mean scotopic, mesopic, photopic and dynamic pupil diameters of eyes with clinical PXM were compared with the control group, all values were found to be significantly lower in eyes with PXM. (p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, respectively). The mean speed of pupil dilation at the 10th second was also significantly lower in the pseudoexfoliation syndrome group (p < 0.0001). The measurement results of the patients with clinical PXM were significantly lower than the other unaffected eyes (p = 0.001, p = 0.004, p = 0.048, p = 0.035, respectively). The mean speed of pupil dilation at 10th second was also significantly lower in eyes with PXM (p = 0.009).ConclusionResults clearly reveal that pseudoexfoliation syndrome affects iris mechanisms. Although pseudoexfoliation syndrome is a systemic syndrome, we can say that the emergence of iris dysfunction findings is parallel with the clinical observation of PXM.Öğe Inhibitory Effect of Valsartan on Pterygium Fibroblasts(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2020) Kucuk, Erkut; Aydemir, Isil; Zor, Kursad Ramazan; Ozkan, OktayPurpose: Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) were shown to have antifibrotic properties in ocular and systemic diseases. In this study, our aim was to investigate the effect of an angiotensin receptor blocker, valsartan, on pterygium fibroblasts and compare this effect with that of mitomycin C (MMC). Methods: Pterygium tissue samples were obtained from 3 patients during surgical excision. Primary cultured pterygium fibroblasts and L929 cell cultures were treated with different concentrations of MMC and valsartan. Results: The cell viability decreased with increasing concentrations of valsartan at 48 hours for both cell types. MMC inhibited the proliferation of both cell types at 48 hours. Both agents significantly decreased the cell migration of the 2 cell types, although it was more prominent in the MMC-treated group. Conclusions: Valsartan inhibited the proliferation and migration of pterygium fibroblasts. The known favorable safety profile of these drugs and the results of this study showing inhibitory effect on pterygium fibroblasts make valsartan a potential therapeutic agent for pterygium treatment.Öğe Location of the Optic Foramen Relative to the Sphenoid Sinus and Orbital Apex Structures(Briefland, 2022) Cinaroglu, Selim; Zor, Kursad Ramazan; Guresci, Kursat; Keles, HaciBackground: Orbital decompression is performed to reduce intraorbital pressure by removing the fat tissue and bone around the orbit. Access to proper equipment, experienced personnel, and adequate anatomical knowledge are essential to perform this procedure. To achieve maximum decompression, surgeons need to open the orbit up to the apex, including the optic foramen and the annulus of Zinn. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the location of the sphenoid sinus relative to the optic foramen using computed tomog-raphy (CT) scan, which is essential for orbital decompression surgery, in the Central Anatolia Region, Turkey. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 64 patients from the Turkish population between March 15 and April 15, 2021 in the Central Anatolia Region. The patients were selected using the purposive sampling method. Based on the cranial CT scans, a total of 128 orbits were evaluated using the hospital's picture archiving and communication system. Patients included in this study were admitted to the hospital with headache. However, their CT images, evaluated by an experienced radiologist, were reported to be normal. The relationship between the optic foramen and the anterior surface of the sphenoid sinus was examined, and the location of the optic foramen was determined as anterior, posterior, or equal to the sphenoid sinus. Descriptive statistics were measured for statistical analysis. Results: The participants of this study included 32 men and 32 women in the age range of 20 -67 years. Based on the analyses, the optic foramen was mainly opposite to the anterior aspect of the sphenoid sinus in both females and males; this finding was more prominent in females. In the right orbit, the mean distance of the optic foramen to the anterior surface of the sphenoid sinus was +6.97 mm if the optic foramen was anterior to the anterior surface of the sphenoid sinus, while it was-4.1 mm if the optic foramen was located posteriorly to the anterior surface of the sphenoid sinus. Similarly, in the left orbit, the mean distance of the optic foramen to the anterior surface of the sphenoid sinus was +6.97 mm if the optic foramen was located anteriorly, while it was-4.15 mm if the optic foramen was located posteriorly to the anterior surface of the sphenoid sinus. The position of the optic foramen was symmetrical in 60.9% of cases in the two orbits. Conclusion: Based on the results of CT scan, the optic foramen was mainly located opposite to the anterior aspect of the sphenoid sinus; this finding was more frequently observed in females (59.4%) than in males (40.6%). The present results can provide further information for surgeons to perform orbital decompression or surgeries posterior to the orbit.Öğe Outcomes and comparison of nasolacrimal probing for patients older than 12 months(Sage Publications Ltd, 2020) Zor, Kursad Ramazan; Kucuk, Erkut; Yilmaz Oztorun, ZeynepObjective: In this study, we report the results of probing done in our clinic. We also want investigate role of late probing on outcome, especially in children older than 24 and 48 months. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated records of patients who underwent probing under general anaesthesia due to congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction between 2013 and 2017 in Nigde Omer Halisdemir University Faculty of Medicine in Nigde, Turkey. Success rates of probing for different age groups were compared. Results: 143 eyes of 123 patients were included in the study. Overall success rate was 93.7% (134 eyes out of 1431. We found the success rate as 95.5 in 12-18 months age group, 93.3% in 18-24 months age group, 93.8% in the 24-48 months age group, 86.6% in the 48 months and older age group. Overall success rate in 24 months and older age group was 91.5%. The second operation was performed on seven of the nine patients where the initial surgery failed, and successful results were achieved in six patients. Success rate was 100% after the second surgery in patients older than 48 months. Conclusion: The success rate of probing is high in patients with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction from 12 to 84 months. In patients with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction who are older than 48 months probing is effective and should be first-choice in this age group in management of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Probing may be used even in older patients who had previous unsuccessful probing.Öğe Pupillary response changes in Graves' disease(Cukurova Univ, Fac Medicine, 2023) Bicer, Gamze Yildirim; Onder, Cagatay Emir; Zor, Kursad RamazanPurpose: The aim of this study was to investigate pupillary contraction and dilatation response changes in Graves' disease. Materials and Methods: The patient group consisted of 55 euthyroid Graves patients and the control group consisted of 55 healthy individuals. Data from the right eyes of all participants were used. Static (scotopic, mesopic, photopic) and dynamic pupillometry measurements were performed with automatic pupillometry. The mean pupil dilatation speed was calculated according to dynamic measurements. Static measurements, dynamic measurements and the mean pupil dilatation speed data were compared between the patient and control groups.Results: There was no statistically significant difference between two groups in all static and dynamic values and the mean pupil dilatation speed. The mean scotopic pupil diameter was 5.41 & PLUSMN;0.776 mm in Graves' group and 5.55 & PLUSMN;0.747 mm in the control group. The mean mesopic pupil diameter was 4.39 & PLUSMN;0.721 in Graves' group and 4.17 & PLUSMN;0.640 mm in the control group. The mean photopic pupil diameter was 3.45 & PLUSMN;0,549 mm in Graves' group and 3.29 & PLUSMN;0.679 mm in the control group. The mean dynamic pupil diameter 0th second was 3, 54 & PLUSMN;0.541 mm in Graves' group and 3.48 & PLUSMN;0.708 mm in the control group. The mean speed of pupil dilatation at 18th second was 0.116 & PLUSMN;0.031 mm/sec in Graves' group and 0.128 & PLUSMN;0.040 mm/sec in the control group. Age was found to be an independent factor on pupillary parameters.Conclusion: The pupillary parameters of patients with euthyroid hormone levels were not affected. While pupillary responses appeared not to be affected in the case of euthyroidism, more studies including patients with hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are needed.Öğe Repeated use of fibrin sealants kept at room temperature in conjunctival autografting: An animal study(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2022) Zor, Kursad Ramazan; Cinaroglu, Selim; Kucuk, Erkut; Keles, Haci; Ozturk, AliPurpose: In this study, our aim was to investigate if fibrin adhesives used in conjunctival wound surgery with autologous conjunctival grafts could be used repeatedly at different times after surgical opening. Methods: 40 New Zealand rabbits were used in the study. These animals were divided into four groups, each consisting of 10 rabbits, and hence 20 eyes. In the first group (control group), Tisseel fibrin sealant was used on the day the eye was first opened surgically; in the second group, it was used on the seventh day; on the third group, it was used on the 14th day; and in the fourth group, it was used 28 days after surgical opening. The graft from the inferior bulbar conjunctiva was attached using Tisseel fibrin glue to the superior scleral bed at the location where the superior bulbar conjunctiva was excised in the same eye. Results: No microbial growth was detected in the cultures of the samples tested. There were two partial graft loss in group 2 and there was one partial graft loss in each group of the other groups, and further total graft loss was present in one rabbit in group 3. None of the rabbits had any complications like granuloma, Corneal dellen or infection. Conclusion: Based on these results, fibrin sealants can be used repeatedly by storing them at room temperature. Repeated use of fibrin adhesives will reduce the cost of ophthalmologic surgeries and non-ophthalmologic surgeries.Öğe The effect of retrobulbar anesthesia for cataract surgery on the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness(Springer, 2020) Kucuk, Erkut; Zor, Kursad RamazanObjective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect retrobulbar and topical anesthesia on optic nerve by measuring retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness before and after phacoemulsification cataract surgery using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods A total of 126 eyes of 108 patients were included in the study. Retrobulbar anesthesia was used in 61 eyes of 53 patients, and topical anesthesia was used in 65 eyes of 55 patients. OCT scans were done 1 week before the surgery and 4 weeks after surgery, and the results were evaluated. Results The average RNFL thickness increased postoperatively in both groups (p < 0.001 for topical anesthesia group and p = 0.001 for retrobulbar anesthesia group). The preoperative and postoperative average and quadrant RNFL thickness and the change in RNFL thickness were not significantly different between the two anesthesia groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion Our results suggest that retrobulbar anesthesia has no unfavorable effect on the retinal nerve fiber layer.Öğe The Evaluation of Peripapillary Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness Changes in Patients with Retinitis Pigmentosa and Patients with Early-Late Stage Glaucoma(Gazi Univ, Fac Med, 2022) Zor, Kursad Ramazan; Kucuk, Erkut; Bicer, Gamze Yildirim; Kivrak, UlviyeObjective: The aim of the study is to evaluate the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness of patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and patients with early- and late-stage glaucoma using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), and investigate the similarity and differences of RNFL thickening and thinning regions between these groups. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in Nigde Omer Halisdemir University Training and Research Hospital. The patients were divided into three groups; retinitis pigmentosa (group 1), early-stage glaucoma (group 2), and medium- and advanced-stage glaucoma (group 3). The RNFL thickness of all patients were measured. Each group consisted of 20 patients. Results: RNFL thinning was most frequently detected in the inferior quadrant, and then in the superior quadrant in all 3 groups and thickening was not detected in these 2 quadrants in glaucoma groups. The thickening was most frequently detected in the temporal quadrant, and in the 9 o' clock segment in all groups. In groups 1 and 2, the nasal quadrant was second after the temporal quadrant in RNFL thickening. RNFL thickening and thinning regions were found to be similar in these 2 diseases, which progress with ganglion cell damage. The horizontal quadrants were less affected and vertical quadrants were more affected regardless of the disease. Conclusion: The similar changes in the RNFL layer in these 2 different diseases with different mechanisms suggest that ganglion cells might have a specific response to various disease processes.
