Comparative Appraisal of Three Low-Cost GPS Speed Sensors with Different Data Update Frequencies

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dc.authoridKeskin, Muharrem/0000-0002-2649-6855
dc.authoridAKKAMIS, Mustafa/0000-0002-2760-0562
dc.authoridSEKERLI, Yunus Emre/0000-0002-7954-8268
dc.contributor.authorAkkamis, Mustafa
dc.contributor.authorKeskin, Muharrem
dc.contributor.authorSekerli, Yunus Emre
dc.date.accessioned2024-11-07T13:31:57Z
dc.date.available2024-11-07T13:31:57Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.departmentNiğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractLow-cost GPS (Global Positioning System) speed sensors have been available to quantify vehicle speed on different platforms including agricultural tractors in precision agriculture applications such as yield monitoring, variable rate fertilizer and pesticide applications. One of the advances in low-cost GPS receivers is the higher data update frequencies. However, we found no studies on the accuracy of low-cost GPS speed sensors with different update frequencies, especially under variable speed conditions. Thus, this work investigated the effect of the update frequency on the accuracy of low-cost GPS speed sensors under both constant and varying speed conditions. Three GPS speed sensors with update frequencies of 1 Hz, 5 Hz and 7 Hz (GPS1Hz, GPS5Hz and GPS7Hz) were simultaneously tested under the same conditions. A total of 144 tests were conducted on three different days and at three different times of each day with four speed levels and four repetitions. The percent errors were found to be up to 2.3%, 1.8% and 1.4% at constant speeds; up to -47%, -16% and -12% at the increasing speeds and 24%, 6% and 5% at the decreasing speeds, depending on the acceleration and deceleration levels, for GPS1Hz, GPS5Hz and GPS7Hz, respectively. The differences among the error values of the GPS speed sensors were found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05). The GPS speed sensors with higher update frequencies (5 and 7 Hz) provided higher accuracy compared to the one with lower frequency (1 Hz), particularly in the case of higher acceleration conditions. In sum, low-cost GPS speed sensors with higher update frequencies should be used for better accuracy, especially in variable speed conditions.
dc.description.sponsorshipScientific Research Project Office (BAP) of Mustafa Kemal University [15180]
dc.description.sponsorshipThis research was funded by the Scientific Research Project Office (BAP) of Mustafa Kemal University, grant number 15180.
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/agriengineering3020028
dc.identifier.endpage437
dc.identifier.issn2624-7402
dc.identifier.issue2
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85123446105
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ2
dc.identifier.startpage423
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.3390/agriengineering3020028
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11480/15149
dc.identifier.volume3
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000667228300001
dc.identifier.wosqualityN/A
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherMdpi
dc.relation.ispartofAgriengineering
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.snmzKA_20241106
dc.subjectlow-cost
dc.subjectGNSS
dc.subjectGPS
dc.subjectspeed
dc.subjectvelocity
dc.subjectaccuracy
dc.subjectdata update frequency
dc.titleComparative Appraisal of Three Low-Cost GPS Speed Sensors with Different Data Update Frequencies
dc.typeArticle

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