The Macrophyte Indices for Rivers to Assess the Ecological Conditions in the Klina River in the Republic of Kosovo

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dc.authoridBonifazi, Giuseppe/0000-0001-6935-2686
dc.authoridMillaku, Fadil/0000-0002-9392-9702
dc.authoridBytyci, Pajtim/0000-0002-1521-3370
dc.contributor.authorBytyci, Pajtim
dc.contributor.authorShala-Abazi, Albona
dc.contributor.authorZhushi-Etemi, Ferdije
dc.contributor.authorBonifazi, Giuseppe
dc.contributor.authorHyseni-Spahiu, Mimoza
dc.contributor.authorFetoshi, Osman
dc.contributor.authorCadraku, Hazir
dc.date.accessioned2024-11-07T13:34:27Z
dc.date.available2024-11-07T13:34:27Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.departmentNiğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractMacrophytes are important elements of aquatic ecosystems that grow in or near water. Their taxonomic composition, species diversity, depth, and density are indicators of environmental health; as such, Macrophytes are used to assess the ecological status of water bodies. Under the aim of assessing the ecological status of the Klina River in Kosovo, a survey was conducted at eight sampling sites along the river course to analyze macrophyte composition, diversity, density, and cover. Three samples were collected at each sampling site from early June to late September. The following macrophyte indices were used to assess the ecological status of the river: Macrophyte Index for Rivers (MIR), River Macrophyte Nutrient Index (RMNI), and River Macrophyte Hydraulic Index (RMHI). Our sampling area included the upper reaches of the river where no organic pollution was detected (oligotrophic), the middle reaches where polluted water from farms is discharged into the river, and the lower reaches characterized by heavy organic pollution from settlements and various industrial activities. There is a positive correlation (p < 0.05) between water temperature, turbidity, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), orthophosphates (PO43-), ammonia (NH4+), nitrites (NO2-), calcium (Ca2+), and potassium (K+) with plant density, RMNI, RMHI, EQR-RMNI, EQR-RMHI, and MIR. Sodium (Na+) has stronger positive correlation (p < 0.01) with RMNI and RMHI indices and negative correlation with EQR-RMNI and EQR-RMHI. Our results show that ecological status along the river varies from high and good upstream to poor, bad, and moderate running downstream.
dc.description.sponsorshipHydro-meteorological Institute of Kosovo
dc.description.sponsorshipThe authors would like to acknowledge the support provided by Hydro-meteorological Institute of Kosovo.
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/plants11111469
dc.identifier.issn2223-7747
dc.identifier.issue11
dc.identifier.pmid35684241
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85131201637
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.3390/plants11111469
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11480/15983
dc.identifier.volume11
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000809006500001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherMdpi
dc.relation.ispartofPlants-Basel
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.snmzKA_20241106
dc.subjectmacrophyte
dc.subjectecological status
dc.subjectpollution
dc.subjectmacrophyte indices
dc.titleThe Macrophyte Indices for Rivers to Assess the Ecological Conditions in the Klina River in the Republic of Kosovo
dc.typeArticle

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