Need of Social Security in Vulnerable Countries: A Comparison of a Developed and a Developing Country
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Tarih
2023
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Springer International Publishing
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
Özet
Social security systems provide financial support to vulnerable people in times of hardship to fulfil their daily needs. Any changes in social security policies might have a significant effect on mental health, poverty, employment, and education attainment. To examine the impact of the social security systems’ transformation, we have reviewed the existing literature belonging to the upper-middle and lower-middle income countries such as Turkey (a developed country) and Pakistan (a developing country) to get important insights. In addition to this, we have also examined the social security systems in the context of the historical transformation to the current era and their effect on the people. Based on the findings, this study found that Turkey has a more comprehensive social security system than Pakistan, which transformed from Ottoman Empire. In Turkey, the frequency of the benefiters has increased from 39% (1975) to 87% (2017), and the budgetary share from 3% (2006) to 5% (2017) for social security institutions. The government of Pakistan has launched some new schemes under the social security systems such as Ehsaas programs, Kamyab jawan program, Koi bhooka na soye, Kisaan card, and Health card to provide help to vulnerable people. Even Pakistan is still far behind in numbers than Turkey. Findings suggest that multiple security schemes work as a tool for controlling labour supply, to help the needy people in the crisis period, mitigating the disastrous impacts to improve the welfare of the people. Pakistani government should pledge more resources and build more institutional infrastructure to improve the social security systems. The government of both countries should focus to redistribute the resources from welfare people to the vulnerable and the poor people. And policies should be designed as an alternative solution in the investment portfolio with the social security reforms to reduce inequality among the vulnerable people. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Pakistan, Schemes, Social security systems, Turkey, Vulnerability, Welfare
Kaynak
Climate Change Impacts on Agriculture: Concepts, Issues and Policies for Developing Countries
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
N/A
