Stochastic convergence of ecological footprint: new insights from a unit root test based on smooth transitions and nonlinear adjustment

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dc.authoridISCAN, Erhan/0000-0001-6068-6698
dc.authoridBURGAC CIL, ALMILA/0000-0002-9481-8799
dc.authoridAlper, Ali Eren/0000-0003-0008-1202
dc.contributor.authorAlper, Ali Eren
dc.contributor.authorAlper, Findik Ozlem
dc.contributor.authorCil, Almila Burgac
dc.contributor.authorIscan, Erhan
dc.contributor.authorEren, Ahmet Arif
dc.date.accessioned2024-11-07T13:31:51Z
dc.date.available2024-11-07T13:31:51Z
dc.date.issued2023
dc.departmentNiğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractThe ecological footprint has currently become a highly popular environmental performance indicator. It provides the basis for setting goals, identifying options for action, and tracking progress toward stated goals. Because the examination of the existence of convergence is important for the climate change protection of the earth, the convergence of ecological footprint and its subcomponents are a major concern for scholars and policymakers. To this end, this study aims to investigate the stochastic convergence of ecological footprint and its subcomponents. We employ the recently developed Hepsag (2021) unit root test that allows nonlinearity and smooth structural change simultaneously to study stochastic convergence in per-capita ecological footprint over the period 1961-2018 for the most polluting countries. The results provide mixed evidence of the presence of stochastic convergence in conventional unit root tests such as ADF, KPSS and Fourier KPSS. According to the Hepsag (2021) unit root test results for all countries, built-up land footprint converges except Australia, Malaysia, Poland, and Turkey. Carbon footprint converges for Indonesia, Malaysia, Mexico, South Africa, Thailand, Turkey, the UK, and the USA. Cropland footprint converges for Australia, Canada, China, France, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, Poland, South Africa, the UK, and Vietnam. Fishing grounds footprint converges in Brazil, France, Germany, Indonesia, Italy, Mexico, South Africa, and Vietnam. Forest product footprint converges in Australia, Canada, France, Germany, India, Korea, Mexico, Poland, Turkey, and Vietnam. Grazing land footprint converges in Canada, France, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Poland, South Africa, Thailand, and Vietnam. And lastly, the total ecological footprint converges in Canada, France, Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, South Africa, the UK, and the USA.
dc.identifier.doi10.1007/s11356-022-23763-6
dc.identifier.endpage22114
dc.identifier.issn0944-1344
dc.identifier.issn1614-7499
dc.identifier.issue8
dc.identifier.pmid36282394
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85140585253
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.startpage22100
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-23763-6
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11480/15064
dc.identifier.volume30
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000871854600004
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherSpringer Heidelberg
dc.relation.ispartofEnvironmental Science and Pollution Research
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.snmzKA_20241106
dc.subjectStochastic convergence
dc.subjectSmooth transition
dc.subjectNonlinearity
dc.subjectPer-capita ecological footprint
dc.titleStochastic convergence of ecological footprint: new insights from a unit root test based on smooth transitions and nonlinear adjustment
dc.typeArticle

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