Extra-regional trade and consumption-based carbon dioxide emissions in the European countries: Is there a carbon leakage?

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dc.authoridDemiral, Mehmet/0000-0002-8836-5682
dc.contributor.authorDemiral, Ozge
dc.contributor.authorDemiral, Mehmet
dc.contributor.authorAktekin-Gok, Emine Dilara
dc.date.accessioned2024-11-07T13:24:23Z
dc.date.available2024-11-07T13:24:23Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.departmentNiğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractThe European countries are committed to making Europe the first carbon-neutral continent by 2050 under the carbon leakage debates. Carbon leakage occurs when carbon-intensive production relocates to environmentally unregulated countries. The trade channel of carbon leakage refers that the carbon-loaded products finally come back through imports and increase consumption-based carbon emissions in the decarbonization-committed countries. This study probes the effects of extra-imports (imports from non-European countries) share on per capita consumption-based carbon dioxide emissions (CCEpc) in the panel of 31 European countries from 1995 to 2018. After identifying cross-country dependence, unit root, heterogeneity, and cointegration, the study applies the common correlated effects mean group (CCEMG) and augmented mean group (AMG) estimators, followed by the Emirmahmutoglu-Kose causality test. The results reveal a carbon leakage pattern that extra-imports share has both associative (positive) and causal (one-way) effects on CCEpc. Other results unveil a strong decarbonization contribution from enhancing renewable energy supply against the carbonization forces of growing extra-exports (exports to non-European countries) share, real gross domestic product, and comparative advantage in high-tech manufactures, while population density's influence is statistically insignificant. Some policy implications including carbon-adjusting border taxes on trade are drawn for regional and global mitigation undertakings.
dc.identifier.doi10.1002/sd.2365
dc.identifier.endpage2001
dc.identifier.issn0968-0802
dc.identifier.issn1099-1719
dc.identifier.issue6
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85135518545
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.startpage1987
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1002/sd.2365
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11480/14065
dc.identifier.volume30
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000836877400001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherWiley
dc.relation.ispartofSustainable Development
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.snmzKA_20241106
dc.subjectcarbon leakage
dc.subjectcarbonization
dc.subjectconsumption-based carbon emissions
dc.subjectEuropean countries
dc.subjectextra-export
dc.subjectextra-import
dc.titleExtra-regional trade and consumption-based carbon dioxide emissions in the European countries: Is there a carbon leakage?
dc.typeArticle

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