Push-up blocks
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Tarih
2016
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Yayıncı
Springer Netherlands
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
Özet
Large strike-slip fault zones are fundamentally segmented (e.g., the North Anatolian fault zone, Herece and Akay, 2003, Şengör et al., 2005; San Andreas fault zone, Sylvester, 1988, Powell et al., 1993) and have contractional structures (i.e., folds and reverse/thrust faults) formed in regions of overstepping and bending in the fault zone. Push-up blocks are located along strike-slip faults and transform zones and are developed between steps or long bends which produce localized contraction. They are very similar to pull-apart basins within the tectonic origin and plan view geometries, but they generate positive topography along the fault zone. Unlike the pull-apart basins, push-up blocks develop when the sense of step, or bending, of the master faults is opposite to the sense of slip on the fault zone, i.e., restraining stepovers in left-lateral faults step to the right, and in right-lateral systems, they step to the left. Push-up blocks share properties of both strike-slip and compressional regimes. The mean shear stress decreases outside the step, whereas the maximum stresses increase inside the block. They have been classified by Mann (2007) as transpressional uplifts, sharp and gentle restraining bends according to their morphologies and setting. The internal structure of push-up blocks is highly variable both in space and time owing to stress field changes and heterogeneous internal lithology and crustal rheology. Although push-up blocks are the opposite reflections of pull-apart basins, there are more synonyms for these uplifted areas as demonstrated under the title. However, pull-apart basins are far more numerous than push-up blocks in nature (e.g., Aydın and Nur, 1982; Bahat, 1983). Push-up blocks are not as well understood and well-studied as pull-apart basins, probably because of the complexity of fault geometries, and because they are regions of uplift, which once formed rapidly become eroded (e.g., McClay and Bonora, 2001). Therefore, more surface and subsurface methods (i.e.seismic imaging) should be operated for a better understanding of this tectonic structure. © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2016.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynak
Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Q4
Cilt
Part 2
