Rare earth element (REE) resources of Turkey: An overview of their characteristics and origin

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dc.authoridKasapci, Cem/0000-0003-2763-5930
dc.authoridOZTURK, HUSEYIN/0000-0001-7290-1279
dc.contributor.authorOzturk, Huseyin
dc.contributor.authorHanilci, Nurullah
dc.contributor.authorAltuncu, Sinan
dc.contributor.authorKasapci, Cem
dc.date.accessioned2024-11-07T13:31:20Z
dc.date.available2024-11-07T13:31:20Z
dc.date.issued2019
dc.departmentNiğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractThe Rare Earth Elements (REE) deposits and mineralization of Turkey can be divided into four types based on their geological setting and origin. First are deposits associated with carbonatite-alkaline magmatic rocks, rich in Light Rare Earth Elements (LREE). The bast known examples are the Kizilcaoren (Eskisehir) and Kuluncak (Malatya) deposits with TREE grades of 2.9% and 0.7% respectively, and typical enrichment of La-Ce. Lower grade REE mineralization at Keban (0.05% TREE) and Divrigi (0.13% TREE) is associated with abundant fluorite and all four occurrences show similar ranges for homogenization temperatures and salinities for fluid inclusions in fluorite and REE profiles. The second type are Triassic shales and the bauxites formed from them in the Bolkardagi region. Enrichment of Heavy REE (HREE) is typical and TREE grades are about 0.15% in bauxites and its protolith. These occurrences are geochemically similar to ion adsorption type deposits associated with lateritic clay on the weathered granitic rocks of China. Third is the placer type, represented by the canakli (Burdur) deposit which is enriched in U, Th and HREE and heavy minerals such as; magnetite, zircon and rutile and has an average grade of about 0.08% TREE. The fourth potential source of REE is phosphorites. These rocks host the world's largest resources elsewhere, however the Cretaceous Mazidag deposits in Turkey are very low grade (40ppm TREE) and clearly uneconomic. Consideration of the environmental and health issues associated with exploitation and processing of REE has identified the more favorable outcomes associated with exploitation of the ion adsorption type of deposits and justification for further evaluation of the resources and processing technologies that would enable exploitation of REE-enriched bauxites in the Bolkardagi region.
dc.description.sponsorshipIstanbul University-Cerrahpasa Scientific Research Projects Unit [54348]
dc.description.sponsorshipThe authors are grateful to the General Directorate of Eti Maden for permitting field study in the Kizilcaoren Deposit and to the Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa Scientific Research Projects Unit (Project no: 54348) for their financial contributions.
dc.identifier.doi10.19111/bulletinofmre.471205
dc.identifier.endpage143
dc.identifier.issn0026-4563
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85061024353
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ4
dc.identifier.startpage129
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.19111/bulletinofmre.471205
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11480/14771
dc.identifier.volume159
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000482821300007
dc.identifier.wosqualityN/A
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherMaden Tetkik Ve Arama Genel Mudurlugu-Mta
dc.relation.ispartofBulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.snmzKA_20241106
dc.titleRare earth element (REE) resources of Turkey: An overview of their characteristics and origin
dc.typeArticle

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