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Öğe Effect of different pasture species on growth performance, carcass traits, internal organ weights, and meat quality of slower growing broilers in free-range production system(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2023) Bashir, Nadia; Şekeroğlu, Ahmet; Tainika, Brian; Özer, Cem OkanThis study examined the effect of Medicago sativa (A), Trifolium repens (WC), Lolium perenne (PR), and their mixture (Mix) on growth performance, carcass characteristics, internal organ weights, and meat quality of slower-growing broiler chickens in a free-range production system. The animal materials comprised of mixed-sex Hubbard ISA Red JA, which were reared in the deep litter system for the first 3 weeks, and thereafter, the pop hole in each of the indoor pens was opened to allow birds access to the range containing one of the above pasture treatments. The range availability was ensured from 08:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. The results indicated no significant difference in broiler live body weight, feed conversion ratio, and livability between 28 and 77 days among the pasture treatments (P > 0.05). No significant variations were observed in the carcass and internal organ weights among pasture types (P > 0.05). Additionally, while the dry matter content (P < 0.01), TBA value (P < 0.05), and fatty acid profiles differed (P < 0.01), the protein, ash, water holding capacity, and oxidation stability of broiler breast meat did not differ among pasture groups (P > 0.05). Moreover, while the values of breast meat lightness (L*) and brightness (b*) differed (P < 0.05), redness and pH did not differ between the sexes (P > 0.05). Furthermore, sex significantly affected ash, protein content (P < 0.05), and TBA value (P < 0.01) of breast meat but did not affect dry matter, water holding capacity, and peroxide value of breast meat. Also, there was a significant difference in the weight of the neck, breast, thigh, live weight, hot carcass yield, heart, liver, abdominal fat, and digestive system between sexes (P < 0.05). However, breast meat fat content and fatty acid profiles were not influenced by the sex of the broilers (P > 0.05). It was concluded that access to the studied pasture species has no effect on the growth performance traits but results in notable variations in the fatty acid profiles in broiler breast meat. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.Öğe Effect of Production System and Age on Egg Quality Parameters: A Case of Niğde Province Çamardı District, Turkey(2021) Yurtseven, Emine Polat; Şekeroğlu, Ahmet; Tainika, Brian; Duman, Mustafa; Şentürk, Yunus EmreThis study compared egg quality parameters in layers under free-range system with prefabricatedpens and backyard while emphasizing hen age. A total of 300 eggs collected from prefabricatedpens and backyard farming families in the Çamardı District of Niğde Province were used as studymaterials. The assessed external and internal egg quality characteristics included egg weight, shapeindex, shell thickness, shell breaking strength, albumen index, Haugh unit, yolk index, and yolkcolour. The effect of production system on albumen index, Haugh unit, and yolk colour score wasfound statistically significant. There was a significant effect of age on shape index, shell thickness,shell breaking strength, albumen index, Haugh Unit, yolk index, and yolk colour score. The effectof interaction between age and production system was statistically significant for shape index, shellthickness, yolk index, Haugh Unit, and yolk colour score. It was determined that the egg`s meat andblood spots percentages from the free-range and backyard systems were 10.6% and 15.3%,respectively. It was concluded that while eggs produced from free-range system are superior interms of egg weight, shape index, and Haugh unit those obtained from backyard hens are higher ineggshell thickness, eggshell breaking strength, and egg yolk colour.Öğe Effect of Production Systems for Laying Hens on Hen Welfare(2020) Tainika, Brian; Şekeroğlu, AhmetThis review article discussed the effects of various production systems on the welfare of laying hens. The global egg production capacity has been increasing with the evolving production systems which are driven by the consumer preferences. In developed countries, the egg industry has shifted from focusing on quantity and quality of eggs to asking questions of how these eggs are produced. Animal welfare issues emphasized by consumers in these countries led to the banning of conventional cages as seen by European Union in 2012. Such legal measures have uplifted research in various alternative production systems which are thought to be animal friendly. Countries that have adjusted to alternative systems such as free range are registering an increase in the number of free range eggs which is a positive sign for an industry that is willing to adapt and move forward. However, in developing countries, conventional cages are still being used because they are fundamental to the quantity of egg production which is a success indicator of the egg industry. In addition, lack of awareness within the consumers and local producers that birds are sentient has not helped the poultry industry in such countries. However, the alternative production systems have also not fulfilled all the behavioural needs of the animals and, hen welfare issues such as keel and bone damage are common in enriched and perched systems. Also, the high prevalence of diseases and parasites are observed with significant levels in litter floor and outdoor systems an issue attributable to the direct contact between birds and soil or faces. Due to the continuing welfare issues in all laying hen production systems, it is suggested that in addition to genetic selection for traits like bone strength, reduced feather pecking, research should combine both the modification of equipment’s or materials used in each production system and environmental factors such as illumination and temperature as an alternative to improve hen welfare.Öğe Effect of Using Drone Brood Cells as Traps Against Varroa destructor (Varroa Mite)(2021) Güneşdoğdu, Mustafa; Şekeroğlu, Ahmet; Tainika, BrianToday, the honeybee parasite Varroa destructor is thought to be the most dangerous creature in thebeekeeping industry worldwide. In this study, the efficacy of using drone brood cells (known tohave no residue concerns in bee products and harmless on bee health) as traps against V. destructorwas investigated. A total of 16 honeybee (Apis mellıfera) colonies with V. destructor infestationpercentage of less than 5% were used for the trial. The treatment group consisted of 8 colonies thatwere randomly assigned to molded drone comb (comb with 5.4 mm hexagonal cells). The other 8were assigned to unmolded comb to form the control group. In the trial groups, after 20 days (from10th May), all drone combs with complete pupation were removed and destroyed on 30th May,20th June, 10th July, 30th July, and 20th August. During the trial, varroa mite infestation rate (meanabundance), colony development, and varroa mite preference for drone and work bee brood cellswere determined. The results showed that the application of drone brood cells as a control methodwas statistically significant against V. destructor, and did not negatively affect colony development.On the other hand, V.destructor's preference for both drone and worker bee brood cells among thegroups was not statistically significant. In conclusion, drone brood cells ensured an approximately43% success rate as traps against V. destructor compared to the control group. The effectiveapplication of drone brood cells as traps in combination with other Varroa mite control methodsshould be investigatedÖğe Environmental Enrichments in Laying Hen Production Systems with Emphasis on Welfare and Egg Quality(2021) Tainika, Brian; Şekeroğlu, AhmetTo improve hen welfare, several studies have investigated various environmental enrichments thatsuit different laying hen production systems. The positive results of these studies can enable suchenvironmental enrichments to be utilized in commercial laying hen production. This paper reviewedthe effects of environmental enrichments in different laying hen production systems on hen welfareand egg quality. The successfully proven environmental enrichments in free-range productionsystem include forage, shelterbelt, and artificial shade in outdoor area and novel objects and Hshaped perching structures in indoor. These are associated with increased range use that positivelyaffects hen welfare. In aviary system, perches, and litter materials (e.g., straw, sand) asenvironmental enrichments are linked to improved behavioral expression, reduced stress, andenhanced immune system. Under the litter system, environmental enrichment with substrates (e.g.,pecking stones, alfalfa blocks, silage, straw, barley) has been found to increase the foragingbehavior of laying hens. This reduces severe feather pecking thus, improving the plumage conditionof hens. Although the effects of environmental enrichments on hen welfare have been assessed andscientifically proven in the reviewed studies, significant progress of their impact on egg qualitytraits has not been reported. The studies have shown that environmental enrichments have nosignificant effect on egg quality traits. Also, appropriate pasture or plant species as environmentalenrichments in free-range production system in relation to hen welfare and egg quality have notbeen identified. Therefore, it is important to continue studies on environmental enrichments whileemphasizing their influence on egg quality since it is a major performance trait in the egg industry.In addition, there is a need for studies to identify ideal pasture or plant species for free-rangeproduction system that positively affects hen welfare and egg qualityÖğe Evaluation of Some Reproductive Performance of Ewes, Livability and Growth Traits of Lambs of Akkaraman in Breeder Flocks in Niğde/Bor Province(2023) Aksoy, Yüksel; Şekeroğlu, Ahmet; Duman, MustafaConducted within the National Sheep and Goat Breeding “subproject: Akkaraman Sheep Breeding Project under farmer conditions in Nigde’s Bor district” between 2018 and 2022, the current study evaluated the reproductive characteristics of ewes as well as the livability and growth traits of lambs. This study investigated some ‘reproductive traits’ of an average of 6000 ewes per year and ‘growth performance and ‘survival traits’ of a total of 30051 head lambs. The birth weight (LBW), 60th-day body weight (BW60), 120th-day body weight (BW120), and 120th-day body weight gain (BWG120) of Akkaraman lambs during the study periods were 4.14±0.19 kg, 18.58±0.03 kg, 31.31±0.02 kg, and 246±2.23 g/lamb/day, respectively. In the study, among the factors affecting the growth characteristics of Akkaraman lambs, only the effect of gender on BWG120 and birth type on BW120 was found to be insignificant. In contrast, the other factors were found to be found to be statistically significant. In the study, it was determined that the number of lambs per Akkaraman ewe giving birth between 2018-2022 varied between 1.03-1.10. The highest livability in Akkaraman lambs was determined in 2018 (96.61%) and the lowest in 2020 (83.21%). As a result, it was found that liveability in Akkaraman lambs was dependent on birth year, the age of the ewe, gender, and birth type.Öğe Insecticidal Effect of a Natural Turkish Diatomaceous Earth Formulation on Greater Wax Moth(2023) Güneşdoğdu, Mustafa; Bayram, Ali; Işıkber, Ali Arda; Şekeroğlu, Ahmet; Bozkurt, HüseyinIn this study, the insecticidal effect of the Detech® (Turkish Diatomaceous earth) DE formulation against Galleria mellonella L. was determined. The study was conducted in a laboratory environment with materials taken from beehives produced at Muş Alparslan University in 2022. Diatomaceous earth (DE) was applied in two different forms (dust and slurry DE) and as positive control GüveSavar®, which is currently used against some pests in beekeeping. DE concentrations of 0, 3, 5, and 7 g/m2 in different exposure times were tested for the control of G. mellonella larvae. As a result of all treatments, the highest mortality occurred at 7 g/m2 dust DE concentration. Larvae (3rd stage) exposed to 7 g/m2 concentration according to dust DE mortality rates reached 100% mortality after 40 hours. According to the results of the slurry DE, the larvae exposed to the slurry diatom at all concentrations achieved 100% mortality at the end of the 96 hours. When the dust and slurry DE results were examined, the direct use of dust formulations greatly accelerated the effectiveness against larvae. The study showed very promising results, suggesting that slurry DE and dust formulations could be a new alternative control method for Greater Wax Moth. In addition, for the first time, the insecticidal efficacy of DE against the honey bee pest, the greater wax moth, was determined.Öğe The Effect of Oxalic and Formic Acids Applied in Different Forms against the Honey Bee (Apis mellifera L.) Parasite Varroa destructor in Autumn(Bursa Uludag University, 2022) Güneşdoğdu, Mustafa; Abaci, Samet Hasan; Şekeroğlu, AhmetThis study was carried out to determine different forms of the effectiveness of oxalic and formic acid applied against Varroa destructor parasite, which is seen as the main cause of colony losses and low yield in honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) worldwide. Formic acid was tested in two trial groups (FormicPro™; 70% liquid formic acid) and oxalic acid in six trial groups (Dribbling; Spray; Sublimation; Glycerine Shop towel; sunflower Oil Shop Towel; Ultrasonic Fogging). The control group was not exposed to the application during the study. According to the results, the highest effect against varroa was determined in the FormicPro™ group (P<0.001). However, incubation activity of colonies almost completely ceases in formic acid groups. The rate of varroa infestation increased control group and the oxalic acid group treated with an ultrasonic fogging machine (P<0.001). In the autumn, it was concluded that not every application provided effective control against varroa at the location where the study was conducted. © 2022 The authors.Öğe The Effects of Licorice Root Powder (Glycyrrhriza glabra) on Performance, Serum Parameters, Egg Yolk Cholesterol and Antioxidant Capacity of Laying Japanese Quail(2018) Doğan, Sibel Canoğulları; Erdogan, Zeynep; Şekeroğlu, Ahmet; Baylan, Mikail; Küçükgül, AltuğThis study was conducted with the objectives to determine the effects of licorice rootpowder (Glycyrrhriza glabra) on performance, serum parameters, egg yolk cholesteroland antioxidant capacity in laying Japanese quail. Two hundred and forty 10-wk-oldJapanese quails were randomly assigned to four dietary groups, each one four timesreplicated with fifteen quails per dietary groups. Control group fed the basal diet; othergroups were fed basal diet supplemented with 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% licorice root powder.There were no significant differences in terms of final live weight, feed intake, feedconversion ratio, egg weight, serum cholesterol, triglyceride and High-DensityLipoprotein (HDL) concentration between treatment groups. Egg production was higherin control group and 0.5% licorice root powder supplemented groups. 1.0% licorice rootpowder supplemented group had lower egg production rate. Licorice root powdersupplementation decreased Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) concentration and increasedglucose concentration significantly. Licorice root powder supplementation increased totalantioxidant status (TAS) and reduced total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stressindex (OSI). It was concluded from this study that supplementation of licorice rootpowder at the level of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% to the feed of laying quails had no adverseeffects on performance. Licorice root powder supplementation can be used to reducecholesterol level and increase antioxidant status in quails.
