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Öğe A global perspective of education in weed science(Cambridge Univ Press, 2023) Ahmad, Taseer; Jabran, Khawar; Cheema, Zahid Ata; Bajwa, Ali Ahsan; Farooq, MuhammadIn modern agriculture, weed problems are predicted to worsen and become more complicated as a result of increasing invasiveness, herbicide resistance, and emphasis on high-input methods. Weeds cause huge economic yield losses that range from US$100 million to US$26 billion globally. The knowledge of weed science has offered success in the past through effective, reasonably priced, and secure technologies; specifically, synthetic herbicides to effectively control weeds in agroecosystems. Weed science is accepted and adopted by many universities with teaching, research, and/or extension programs in agriculture. Globally, approximately 7% of all the universities offering agricultural education have dedicated weed science departments focusing on weed biology, ecology, and management. Some universities also offer weed science degree programs or at least certain courses in their degrees related to associated disciplines, such as plant protection, agronomy, and ecology. Although substantial advances have been made in weed science, such as a separate weed science discipline, specialized journals, and specific weed science societies and conferences worldwide, many constraints (e.g., lack of trained weed scientists) and barriers to adoption of new weed science technologies remain. Slow modernization in weed science research and low funding has slowed the progress of this discipline. New curricula in the weed science discipline should focus on the role of biochemistry, evolutionary biology, molecular biology, and genetics in weed science research.Öğe Alopecurus myosuroides(Elsevier, 2021) Ahmad, Taseer; Jabran, Khawar; Moss, Stephen RichardWeeds affect crops by directly competing for water, nutrients, light, and space and can cause a severe reduction in yield if left uncontrolled in the field. Weed management is one of the main aspects for successful crop production. Alopecurus myosuroides is a major annual weed, especially in Western Europe and Western Asia, and is well adapted to arable cropping situations. This weed causes substantial yield losses in a range of different crops, especially cereals. Due to its rapid emergence and adaption to arable cropping rotations, it can remain in the field for long periods of time and effectively compete with cultivated crops. Alopecurus myosuroides has a high reproductive rate, as a consequence of its high seed output, and populations can build up rapidly. It is one of the most important herbicide-resistant weeds in Europe and some West Asian countries, including Turkey and Israel, and its resistance evolution is much faster when compared with many other herbicide-resistant weeds. This weed species has become a serious threat to current cropping systems due to its wide genetic diversity, invasiveness, and ecological adaptations. This chapter reviews all aspects of A. myosuroides systematics and morphology, habitat and distribution, germination, reproduction, seed dispersal mechanism, seed biology, and its invasive properties. Management scenarios, including future prospects, are also discussed. The importance of the role that cultural practices play in weed control is emphasized (including crop rotation, plowing, delayed autumn sowing, use of competitive crop cultivars, spring cropping, fallowing, and use of high seed rates). Integrated management approaches, which include a greater emphasis on nonchemical methods, as well as more rational herbicide use, are vital in avoiding ever-increasing problems with herbicide resistance. © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Öğe Effect of foliar application of nitrogen and boron on growth, yield and quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)(Elite Scientific Publications, 2019) Farooqi, Umar Murad; Tahir, Muhammad; Saleem, Muhammad Abdullah; Ahmad, TaseerThe deficiency of nitrogen (N) and boron (B) is increasing among the cereal crops that reduces yield and nutritional value of grains. Foliar spray is a possible option to maximize uptake of nutrients which enhances the productivity of wheat. A field experiment was conducted to determine the effect of foliar application of nitrogen and boron on growth, yield and quality of wheat at Agronomic Research Farm, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad during Rabi season 2017-18. Crop was sown by hand drill in plots with net size 5.0 m × 1.8 m. The experiment was consisted of 16 treatments in RCBD factorial design with two factors which was replicated three times. Factor A consisted of four levels of nitrogen (N0 control = 0%, N1 = 4%, N2= 8% and N3 = 12%) and Factor B consisted of four levels of boron (B0 control = 0%, B1 = 1%, B2 = 2% and B3 = 3%). The sources for nitrogen and boron were urea and boric acid which contains 46% nitrogen and 17% boron, respectively. Significantly the maximum spike length (17.15 cm), grains spike-1 (57.41), 1000 grain weight (36.15 g), grain yield (5.47 t ha-1), biological yield (14.42 t ha-1), harvest index (37.98m%), proteins (12.90 %) and carbohydrates (69.02 %) were noticed when 8 % foliar spray of nitrogen at tillering stage and 2 % boron at booting stage was applied. It is recommended from observations that 8 % foliar spray of nitrogen at tillering stage and 2 % boron at booting stage is helpful for achieving higher economic yield of wheat. It was concluded from the research that application of nitrogen and boron at a certain level can effectively enhance crop productivity as well as economic returns. © 2019, Elite Scientific Publications.Öğe Weed management in potato(Elsevier, 2022) Jabran, Khawar; Ahmad, Taseer; Siddiqui, Ahmad Omid; Üremiş, İlhan; Doğan, Mehmet NedimPotato is one of the most important staple foods in the world. Weeds are important among the several constraints that limit the potato production in different parts of the world. Weeds not only suppress plant growth but also reduce final yield and decrease quality of the potato products. Effective weed control is compulsory to achieve high yield and quality in potato production. This chapter covers important weeds that infest the potato fields and compete for nutrients and other resources and cause losses in both yield and quality. Further, the chapter also covers the degree of yield losses that occur due to weed infestation. The chapter also discusses the control methods (preventive, cultural, mechanical, chemical, and integrated weed management) that are most adopted and suitable for weed control in potato. © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
