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    Characterization of SE-P3, P16, P37, and P47 bacteriophages infecting Salmonella Enteritidis
    (Wiley, 2019) Yildirim, Zeliha; Sakin, Tuba; Akcelik, Mustafa; Akcelik, Nesife
    The aim of this study was to identify and characterize the SE-P3, P16, P37, and P47 phages infecting Salmonella Enteritidis. Transmission electron microscopy analysis showed that the SE phages belonged to the Myoviridae or Siphoviridae family and had plaque sizes between 0.622 +/- 0.027 and 1.630 +/- 0.036mm in diameter. sefC, pefA, spvC, sopE, and gipA virulent gene regions were absent in their genome and their calculated genome sizes were between 35.9 and 37.8 kbp. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that the protein profiles of each phage were different. The SE phages had a short latent period (10-20 min), large burst size (76-356 PFU/cell), and a short burst time (25-35 min). The multiplicity of infection values and mutant frequency of the phages were 0.01-0.0001 and 10(-7), respectively. They were very infective against their host bacteria when applied at 20 degrees C, 30 degrees C, or 37 degrees C and adsorbed to their host cells by 96.20-97.65% in the first 5 min of incubation, and also Ca2+ ions did not have a significant effect on their adsorption. The SE phages were resistant to wide pH ranges and high temperatures. These results indicate that the SE phages are good candidates as therapeutic and biocontrol agents against foodborne pathogenic S. Enteritidis.
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    Identification and characterization of lytic bacteriophages specific to foodborne pathogenicEscherichia coliO157:H7
    (Sage Publications Ltd, 2021) Yildirim, Zeliha; Sakin, Tuba; Akcelik, Mustafa; Akcelik, Nefise
    The objective of this study was to identify and characterize five different lytic bacteriophages specific toEscherichia coliO157:H7. vB_EcoM-P12, vB_EcoM-P13, vB_EcoM-P23, and vB_EcoM-P34 phages belonged to the Myoviridae family and vB_EcoS-P24 phage was in the Siphoviridae family. Their plaque sizes changed between 0.48 +/- 0.03 and 0.90 +/- 0.03 mm in diameter.stx1andstx2virulent gene regions were absent in the genome of five Eco-phages and their genome size was 33 kbp. The protein band profiles of the five phages were found to be different from each other. Their latent period, burst size, and burst time changed between 10-15 min, 72-144 PFU/cell and 20-35 min, respectively. Multiplicity of infection values and mutant frequency of the phages were among 0.1-0.001 and 1.14 x 10(-7)-3.69 x 10(-8), respectively. The phages had strong lytic activity against their host bacteria (E. coliNCTC 12900, ATCC 43888, and ATCC 35150) at 5-37 celcius and adsorbed to their host cells by 92.7-97.5% in the first five minutes of incubation. These phages are thought to be good candidates as therapeutic and biocontrol agents againstE. coliO157:H7 in the veterinary science and food industry due to short latent period, high burst size, rapid development in host cells, high lytic activity, high adsorption rate, stability over a wide pH range and high temperature, and absence ofstx1andstx2genes.