Yazar "Boga, Mustafa" seçeneğine göre listele
Listeleniyor 1 - 20 / 24
Sayfa Başına Sonuç
Sıralama seçenekleri
Öğe Automated Classification System Based on YOLO Architecture for Body Condition Score in Dairy Cows(Mdpi, 2024) Dandil, Emre; Cevik, Kerim Kursat; Boga, MustafaSimple Summary This study proposes an automatic classification system for determining body condition score in dairy cows using a deep learning architecture. An original dataset was created by categorizing images of different breeds from different farms into five body condition score classes: Emaciated, Poor, Good, Fat, and Obese. In the experimental analysis, the proposed deep learning model accurately classified 102 out of 126 cow images in the test set, achieving an average accuracy of 0.81 for all classes in Holstein and Simmental cows and an average area under the precision-recall curve of 0.87. The proposed body condition score classification system can help to accurately monitor rapid declines in body condition in dairy cows and serve as a tool for production decision-makers to reduce negative energy balance during early lactation.Abstract Body condition score (BCS) is a common tool used to assess the welfare of dairy cows and is based on scoring animals according to their external appearance. If the BCS of dairy cows deviates from the required value, it can lead to diseases caused by metabolic problems in the animal, increased medication costs, low productivity, and even the loss of dairy cows. BCS scores for dairy cows on farms are mostly determined by observation based on expert knowledge and experience. This study proposes an automatic classification system for BCS determination in dairy cows using the YOLOv8x deep learning architecture. In this study, firstly, an original dataset was prepared by dividing the BCS scale into five different classes of Emaciated, Poor, Good, Fat, and Obese for images of Holstein and Simmental cow breeds collected from different farms. In the experimental analyses performed on the dataset prepared in this study, the BCS values of 102 out of a total of 126 cow images in the test set were correctly classified using the proposed YOLOv8x deep learning architecture. Furthermore, an average accuracy of 0.81 was achieved for all BCS classes in Holstein and Simmental cows. In addition, the average area under the precision-recall curve was 0.87. In conclusion, the BCS classification system for dairy cows proposed in this study may allow for the accurate observation of animals with rapid declines in body condition. In addition, the BCS classification system can be used as a tool for production decision-makers in early lactation to reduce the negative energy balance.Öğe Biotransformation of Seafood Processing Wastes Fermented with Natural Lactic Acid Bacteria; The Quality of Fermented Products and Their Use in Animal Feeding(CENTRAL FISHERIES RESEARCH INST, 2017) Ozyurt, Gulsun; Ozkutuk, A. Serhat; Boga, Mustafa; Durmus, Mustafa; Boga, Esmeray KuleyLactic acid bacteria species naturally present in fish (Streptococcus spp., Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus acidilactici and Enterococcus gallinarum) and formic acid were compared for production of fish silage, which are protein hydrolysates with immune stimulating properties. It is the first report for Enterococcus gallinarum to be used for producing fermented products. In this study, chemical and microbiological qualities of fish silage by acid or fermented methods were assessed after ripening of silages. It was observed that ripening was completed in maximum two weeks for all silage groups. Then, acid and fermented fish silage were spray dried and analysed for chemical and nutritional properties. As results of the study, these bacteria can be used as starter cultures in fermented products, especially for fish silage. In respect to essential/nonessential amino acid ratio (E/NE), the best groups among the spray-dried fish silages were prepared with formic acid, Lb. plantarum and Pd. acidilactici, respectively. Total antioxidant activity (TAO) of spray-dried fish silage was compared with ascorbic acid and TAO of spray-dried fish silages was found in range of 1.92-2.86 mg AA/g. The highest DPPH (diphenylpicrylhydrazyl) radical-scavenging ability of spray-dried fish silages was detected in AC group produced with Pediococcus acidilactici (20.26%) and GL group produced with Enterococcus gallinarum (16.95%), but there were no significant differences observed in other groups. According to the in-vitro gas production assessment, spray-dried fish silages generally had considerably high rate of digestibility. It was determined that the acid and fermented fish silage powders had high digestibility and valuable feed sources according to the results of the proximate analysis, amino acids compositions, total antioxidants, DPPH inhibition rates and in-vitro digestibility assessments.Öğe Body Condition Score (BCS) Classification with Deep Learning(IEEE, 2019) Cevik, Kerim Kursat; Boga, MustafaThe most important indicator of whether animals 'needs are met in livestock enterprises is the animals' body condition score (BCS) score. In dairy cattle BCS is based on scoring from 1 to 5 according to the external appearance of the animals. BCS is a subjective method based on visual or palpation method to determine the relationship between subcutaneous fat thickness and bone protrusions in pelvic region in back, waist and coccyx regions in cattle. Generally, BCS values in the enterprises are determined by a method based on expert knowledge and determined by observation. If the animal is above or below the desired BCS, at this stage, diseases resulting from metabolic problems, low yield or animal losses may be observed. With the regular control of this situation, the profitability of the enterprise may increase with the production of more health animals. For this purpose, it was aimed to determine the BCS score with a computer-aided software. Images from cattle were arranged in specific forms and classified by Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). Of the 180 images, 75% were used for training and 25% for testing. In this study, system performance was increased by using pre-trained CNN architectures and the responses of different architectures to BCS classification problem were tested. As a result, it was seen that BCS scoring can be done more than 60% successfully by using CNN methods.Öğe Chemical Composition and Nutritive Value of Oak (Quercus robur) Nut and Leaves(GARUDA SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS, 2010) Kilic, Unal; Boga, Mustafa; Guven, InanTo determine the potential nutritive value of different parts of Quercus robur chemical composition and in vitro gas production technique were used. Crude protein, dry matter contents and gas production of kernel were higher (P<0.01) than the other parts of oak, whereas, CT, NDF and ADF contents were lower. The NDF and ADF contents of cup and hull were significantly higher compared to those of the other parts of oak. Oak nut and leaves have potential nutritive value for ruminant animals.Öğe Classifying Milk Yield Using Deep Neural Network(Zoological Soc Pakistan, 2020) Boga, Mustafa; Cevik, Kerim Kursat; Burgut, AykutThis study aim to describe the impact of the number of lactation, lactation days, age at first calving and breeding, and number of insemination (ratio) on cattle milk yield (last seven days in average). For this purpose, the milk yields of 156 Holstein Friesian cattle were investigated according to different age, lactation, calving and insemination associated parameters. Optimum values in literature were organized by an expert in establishing classification data. The expert determined the classes of the outputs data (average milk) through the input data (calving age, milking days, number of lactation and insemination). Applying deep neural networks, we established that average classification success of the system was 69.23% as a result of 6-Layers Cross-Verification Test which is commonly used in the literature for small datasets. In these datasets, it was found that 84 animals had GOOD, 39 animals carried POOR and 33 animals possessed MEDIUM milk yield. It was revealed that there is provided animal raising conditions by 53,84% (84/156*100); therefore, there is no professional farm management. Taken together, the finding show that there is a need of additional controlled management on animal raising and mistakes of the enterprise need to be recovered as early as possible.Öğe Deep Learning Based Egg Fertility Detection(Mdpi, 2022) Cevik, Kerim Kursat; Kocer, Hasan Erdinc; Boga, MustafaSimple Summary This study employs a Mask R-CNN technique along with the transfer learning model to accurately detect fertile and infertile eggs. It is a novel study that uses a single DL model to carry out detection, classification and segmentation of fertile and infertile eggs based on incubator images. This study investigates the implementation of deep learning (DL) approaches to the fertile egg-recognition problem, based on incubator images. In this study, we aimed to classify chicken eggs according to both segmentation and fertility status with a Mask R-CNN-based approach. In this manner, images can be handled by a single DL model to successfully perform detection, classification and segmentation of fertile and infertile eggs. Two different test processes were used in this study. In the first test application, a data set containing five fertile eggs was used. In the second, testing was carried out on the data set containing 18 fertile eggs. For evaluating this study, we used AP, one of the most important metrics for evaluating object detection and segmentation models in computer vision. When the results obtained were examined, the optimum threshold value (IoU) value was determined as 0.7. According to the IoU of 0.7, it was observed that all fertile eggs in the incubator were determined correctly on the third day of both test periods. Considering the methods used and the ease of the designed system, it can be said that a very successful system has been designed according to the studies in the literature. In order to increase the segmentation performance, it is necessary to carry out an experimental study to improve the camera and lighting setup prepared for taking the images.Öğe Detection of correct pregnancy status in lactating dairy cattle using MARS data mining algorithm(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2022) Canga, Demet; Boga, MustafaIn this study, it is aimed to determine pregnancy outcomes by using multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) algorithm for classification type problems. For this purpose, data obtained from a private dairy farm in the Konya region of Turkiye in 2020 were used to determine pregnancy outcomes in holstein dairy cattle. It has been determined how to perform statistical analyses on solving classification-type problems with the MARS algorithm and how to use R packages (caret and earth) by creating an R script file. After the analysis, the MARS estimation equation was created and in finding the probability of being pregnant: While lactation period, cow age, number of lactations, insemination number, and total lactation milk yield variables are important, it was seen that 7-day mean milk yield and last lactation milk yield were not significant. Using the train function of the caret package, the number of terms that produce the highest accuracy and the degree of interaction are determined. Goodness-of-fit tests of the optimum model were calculated. Within the scope of the evaluation of the generalization ability of the model, training and test sets were created, the classification success graph of the MARS algorithm, the model building phase were summarized, and the generalization ability of the established model was measured. When the pregnancy status is taken as a positive reference, the correct classification rate (sensitivity) of the animal with positive pregnancy status was found to be 0.9574:the correct classification rate (specificity) of pregnant animals was found to be 0.8370. The overall classification ratio of the training set (accuracy) was found to be 0.8777. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was found to be 0.947, which indicates that the optimum specificity value is close to 1.Öğe Determination of Non-Digestible Parts in Dairy Cattle Feces Using U-NET and F-CRN Architectures(Mdpi, 2023) Ozden, Cevher; Bulut, Mutlu; Boga, Demet Canga; Boga, MustafaSimple Summary This study employs Fully Convolutional Regression Networks (FCRN) and U-Shaped Convolutional Network for Image Segmentation (U-Net) architectures tailored to the dataset containing dropping images of dairy cows collected from three different private dairy farms in Nigde. The main purpose of this study is to detect the number of undigested grains in dropping images in order to give some useful feedback to raiser. It is a novel study that uses two different regression neural networks on object counting in dropping images. To our knowledge, it is the first study that counts objects in dropping images and provides information of how effectively dairy cows digest their daily rations. Deep learning algorithms can now be used to identify, locate, and count items in an image thanks to advancements in image processing technology. The successful application of image processing technology in different fields has attracted much attention in the field of agriculture in recent years. This research was done to ascertain the number of indigestible cereal grains in animal feces using an image processing method. In this study, a regression-based way of object counting was used to predict the number of cereal grains in the feces. For this purpose, we have developed two different neural network architectures based upon Fully Convolutional Regression Networks (FCRN) and U-Net. The images used in the study were obtained from three different dairy cows enterprises operating in Nigde Province. The dataset consists of the 277 distinct dropping images of dairy cows in the farm. According to findings of the study, both models yielded quite acceptable prediction accuracy with U-Net providing slightly better prediction with a MAE value of 16.69 in the best case, compared to 23.65 MAE value of FCRN with the same batch.Öğe Determination of potential nutritive value of cotton gin trash produced from different feed companies(TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2015) Ozkan, Cagri Ozgur; Boga, Mustafa; Atalay, Ali Ihsan; Guven, Inan; Kaya, EmrahThe aim of this study was to determine the potential nutritive value of cotton gin trash obtained from five different companies using chemical composition and in vitro gas production technique. There was considerable variation among cotton gin trash obtained from five different companies in terms of chemical composition and in vitro gas production, metabolizable energy (ME) and organic matter digestibility (OMD). The crude protein (CP) contents of cotton gin trash ranged from 6.59% to 12.55% on dry matter (DM). Neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) contents ranged from 49.24 to 62.22% on DM and 40.73 to 48.31% on DM respectively. The gas production ranged from 22.91 to 33.51 ml of 200 mg of DM after 24-h incubation. The ME and OMD contents of cotton gin trash ranged from 5.38 to 7.09 MJ/kg DM and 37.44 to 52.69% respectively. In conclusion, chemical characterization of CP, OMD and ME suggests that the cotton gin trash moderate level of CP concentration and was digestible therefore it could be said that cotton gin trash will provide roughage of an acceptable quality for ruminant animals.Öğe Determination of the In Vitro Gas Production and Potential Feed Value of Olive, Mulberry and Sour Orange Tree Leaves(De Gruyter Poland Sp Z O O, 2018) Olfaz, Mustafa; Kilic, Unal; Boga, Mustafa; Abdi, Abdiwali MohamoudThis study was conducted to determine the potential nutritive value and in vitro gas production (IVGP) parameters of Olea europaea L. (Olive = OL), Morus alba L. (Mulberry = ML) and Citrus aurantium L. (Sour orange = SOL) tree leaves. Hohenheim gas test was used to determine the in vitro gas productions of the leaves. The gas production of samples over time was recorded for 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h after incubation. Completely Randomized Design was used to compare gas production, and gas production kinetics of samples. The findings of the present study suggested that there were differences among the tree leaves in terms of crude protein, NDF, in vitro gas productions, organic matter digestibility (OMD), metabolisable energy (ME), net energy lactation (NE L ) and relative feed values (RFV) (P<0.01). ML had the highest condensed tannin contents (P<0.05), in vitro gas production (IVGP), OMD and energy values (P<0.01). SOL had highest RFV values. OL showed the lowest IVGP when compared to SOL and ML. Low NDF and ADF contents of SOL would probably increase the voluntary intake, digestibility and relative feed values of these leaves by ruminants. In conclusion, it was determined that OL, ML and SOL used in the study have low in vitro gas production and can be utilized as alternative roughage feed in ruminants. However, it is recommended that the results obtained from this research should be tested in in vivo studies.Öğe Effect of Different Feeding Method on Methane and Carbon Dioxide Emissions Milk Yield and Composition of Lactating Awassi Sheep(ACADEMIC JOURNALS INC, 2009) Yurtseven, Sabri; Cetin, Mehmet; Ozturk, Irfan; Can, Abdullah; Boga, Mustafa; Sahin, Tekin; Turkoglu, HueseyinThis Study was performed to evaluate the effect of different feeding systems (choice feeding and conventional system) oil performance and emission of carbon dioxide (CO.) and enteric methane (CH(4)) in dairy Awassi ewes. One chamber was equipped with gas analyzers to measure CH(4) and CO(2) for 23 h day(-1). In total, 16 ewes were used. The ewes were divided into two groups: the Free Choice (FC) group received feed ingredients separately and the Total Mixed Ration (TMR) group received a standard mixed concentrate: forage diet in a ratio of 60:40. The results showed no significant differences between treatments in performance parameters. However, the results of CH, and CO(2) measurement indicated significant differences between groups in the amounts of CH(4) and CO(2) produced per kg dry matter intake. The ewes in the FC group produced less CH(4) per animal than the ewes that received the TMR system. In ewes on the FC system, the level of propionate was greatly increased relative to the total VFA components. There were no significant differences in ruminal pH and acetate level between treatments. The results indicate that the FC system may be a potential mitigating effect on enteric emission of CH(4) and CO(2).Öğe Effect of Varieties on Potential Nutritive Value of Pistachio Hulls(KAFKAS UNIV, VETERINER FAKULTESI DERGISI, 2013) Boga, Mustafa; Guven, Inan; Atalay, Ali Ihsan; Kaya, EmrahThe aim of this study was to determine the potential nutritive value of pistachio hulls obtained from six different varieties using chemical composition and in vitro gas production technique. In vitro gas productions of pistachio hulls were determined at 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h incubation times and their gas production kinetics were described. There is considerable variation among pistachio hulls obtained from six different varieties in terms of chemical composition and in vitro gas production, metabolisable energy (ME) and organic matter digestibility (OMD). Dry matter (DM) contents of pistachio hulls ranged 26.45 to 29.25%. Ash content of pistachio hulls ranged from 8.50 to 19.86%. The crude protein (CP) contents of pistachio hulls ranged 7.27 to 14.99%. The hulls from Kirmizi, Ohadi and Keten Gomlegi (KG) had significantly higher CP contents than the others. The NDF and ADF contents of pistachio hulls ranged from 18.25 to 22.49% and 14.32 to 18.29% respectively. The pistachio hulls from Ohadi and Uzun had significantly higher NDF and ADF contents than the others. The CT contents of pistachio hulls ranged from 2.03 to 2.63%. The hulls from Beyaz Ben (BB) had significantly higher CT content than that of KG. The gas production rate ranged from 0.071 to 0.107%. The gas production rate of pistachio hulls from Sultani and KG were significantly higher than the others. The potential gas production of pistachio hulls ranged from 65.92 to 73.46 mL. The potential gas production of pistachio hulls from BB and Ohadi were significantly higher than the others. The ME and OMD contents of pistachio hulls ranged from 9.76 to 11.05 MJ/kg DM and 69.00 to 74.50% respectively. The ME contents of pistachio hulls from BB and Ohadi were significantly higher than those of Kirmizi, Uzun and KG whereas the OMD contents of pistachio hulls from Ohadi were significantly higher than those of pistachio hulls for Kirmizi, Sultani, Uzun and KG. In conclusion, chemical characterization with CP, OMD and ME suggests that the pistachio hulls had moderate level of CP concentration and was quite digestible therefore it can be said that pistachio hulls will provide feedstuffs of an acceptable quality for ruminant animals.Öğe Effects of Feeding Regime Without Roughage on Performances and Rumen Development of Calves During Preweaning Period(ANKARA UNIV, FAC AGR, 2010) Goncu, Serap; Boga, Mustafa; Kilic, Unal; Gorgulu, Murat; Doran, FigenThe objective of the study was to investigate the effect of only concentrate diet on growth and rumen development of Holstein calves during preweaning period. Thirty female and nine male calves were allocated to three treatments. Nine male calves were also divided into three treatments to operate for rumen wall samples. First group was fed with a calf starter and alfalfa hay as free choice, second group was received calf starter only and third group were fed with a total mixed ration (TMR) during the pre-weaning period. The average daily gain of the free choice, calf starter only and total mixed ration groups were 528.39 +/- 29.82, 509.00 +/- 34.08 and 479.21 +/- 25.86 g respectively. The average daily feed intake of the groups were 672.75 +/- 69.86, 619.73 +/- 77.75 and 499.60 +/- 81.69 g respectively. Calf starter group showed similar performances to free choice and TMR group of calves (P > 0.05). Protozoa number were not significantly different among the treatments while total bacteria numbers were higher for calf starter group than the other two groups (P < 0.05). The calves received calf starter only had flatter and more branched papillae than did the other calves. These results revealed that it is possible to rear calf successfully without roughage during preweaning period.Öğe Effects of Social Media on Consumers' Purchasing Behaviours of Food Products(KAHRAMANMARAS SUTCU IMAM UNIV, 2017) Secer, Arzu; Boga, MustafaNowadays, social media has been constantly preferred in many media channels. In this study, definition of social media and possible effects of it on consumers' food products preferences were revealed. Moreover, importance of this media channel has emphasized in case of a crisis related to food products. Main material of the study was secondary data. Social media, in a wide concept, a group of application to provide for users to create their contents and change, share and discuss them. Social media, depending on countries and product groups, effects consumers' purchasing behaviors via reveling new norm and values. In this scope, firms should observe consumers' tendencies to be able to response their demands and focus on customer relationship management in social media.Öğe Evaluation of some commercial dairy rations in terms of chemical composition, methane production, net energy and organic matter digestibility(Mattioli 1885, 2020) Boga, Mustafa; Kurt, Ozer; Ozkan, Cagri Ozgur; Atalay, Ali Ihsan; Kamalak, AdemThe aim of the present study was to evaluate some commercial dairy rations in terms of chemical composition, methane production, net energy for lactation (NEL) and organic matter digestibility (OMD). There are considerable variations among total mixed rations (TMRs) used by farms, especially in terms of chemical composition. Crude protein (CP) contents of TMRs ranged from 9.83 to 14.32 %. Acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contents of TMRs ranged from 22.79 to 32.32 % and 42.5 to 52.98 % respectively. There are significant differences among TMRs in terms of gas, methane production, NEL and OMD. Gas production ranged from 82.25 to 97.25 ml. Gas production, NEL and OMD for TMR 3, 6 and 8 was significantly higher than the others. Methane production (ml) for TMR 8 was significantly higher than that for TMR 7. As a conclusion, TMRs investigated in the current study are not well balanced to meet the nutritional requirements of lactating cows. Therefore, it is not likely that lactating cows fed with these TMR will not explain their genetic potential very well. Especially CP and NEL of TMRs should be taken into consideration to improve efficiency in milk production of lactating cows in small farms in Turkey.Öğe Flavonoid ve Saponinlerin Ruminant Hayvan Beslemede Kullanımı(2022) Boga, Mustafa; Kocadayıoğulları, Filiz; Can, Müge ErkanMevcut çalışmada, flavonoid ve saponin içeren bitkilerin avantaj ve dezavantajları ile yem hammaddelerde bu içeriklerinin kullanılmasından doğabilecek etkilerinin göz önüne alınması ve buna göre rasyonlarının düzenlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla farklı yem hammaddelerinde bulunan oranları tablo halinde belirtilerek hayvanlar üzerindeki etkileri ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Hayvan besleme açısından flavonoid ve saponin içeren bitkilerin fazla kullanılması durumunda doğabilecek sorunlar hayvanın türüne, fizyolojik durumuna, tanenin yapısına ve miktarına bağlı olarak değişmektedir. Flavonoidler besinlerin uzun süre bozunmadan saklanabilmesi için sentetik ve doğal antioksidanlarla muamele standart bir işlem olarak uygulanmaktadır. Bu bileşiklerin hem besin koruma özellikleri hem de metabolizmaya girdikten sonra antioksidan olarak davranıp hücreyi oksitleyici maddelere karşı koruma özellikleri bilinmektedir. Saponinlerin en önemli fonksiyonları; hipotalamusa etki ederek iştah arttırıcı, amonyak bağlayıcı, üreaz faaliyetini önleyici, bağırsak epitel hücrelerinde yüzey gerilimini düşürücü, anti-protozoal, antibakteriyel, anti-fungal ve antioksidan özellikleri olarak sayılabilir. Baklagiller, yonca, ıspanak, pancar gibi birçok bitkide 0,5 g/kg KM’den 87 g/kg KM’ye kadar ve % 5’ten % 18’e kadar saponin bulunabilmektedir. Kullanım oranları ile ilgili araştırılan literatürlerde farklılık olmakla birlikte ruminant rasyonlarında 1500 ppm Yucca Schidigera (YS), 30 g/gün çay saponini kullanılabileceği önerilmektedir.Öğe Karasal İklim Şartlarında Çadır Ağıl Tipinin Kullanım Olanakları; Yozgat İli Örneği(2023) Can, Müge Erkan; Ermettin, Orhan; Boga, MustafaYalıtımlı, havalandırması yeterli, kurulumu kolay ve ucuz olan modern çadır ağılların yaygınlaşmaya başlamasıyla koyun yetiştiricilerinin ağıl yapım masrafları azalmıştır. Bu kapsamda çalışmada, Yozgat ili çevresinde çadır ağıllarda koyunculuk yapan işletmelerde anket ve yerinde inceleme yaparak yetiştiricilerin sorunlarının irdelenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Ayrıca, çadır ağıl kullanımının olumlu veya olumsuz yönlerinin tespit edilmesi ile mevcut durumlarının ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. Çadır ağıllarda koyun yetiştiriciliği faaliyetini sürdüren işletme sahiplerinin %90.48’i çadır tipi yetiştiricilikten ve çadır ağıldan yapısal olarak memnun olduklarını ifade ederken, %76.19’u işletmelerinde yoğuşma (nemlenme) olduğunu belirtmiş ve bu durumdan rahatsız olduklarını belirtmişlerdir. Çadır ağıl işletme giderlerini standart ağıldaki giderlerle aynı miktarlarda bulan işletmecilerin oranı %80.95, çadır ağılların standart ağıllardan daha az masraflı olduğunu düşünen işletmecilerin oranı ise %19.05 olmuşturÖğe Mobile applications to obtain minimum cost feed mixes(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2020) Boga, Mustafa; Cevik, Kerim Kursat; Onder, HasanIn this study, ration preparation software to minimize the cost of feed for ruminant livestock such as cattle, sheep, and goats for both milk and meat yield was developed for Web- and Android-based systems using genetic algorithms. To maximize accessibility on PCs, smartphones, and tablet PCs, we used Web- and Android-based software to find cheaper feed mixes that satisfy the nutritional requirements of ruminants. With this novel system, farmers and scientists can obtain low-cost feed mixes via the Web or smartphones, regardless of time or location. This application is useful for feed producers and farmers because they can use this software from any location and at any time. Users can input their new feed resources for preparing rations.Öğe Nutrient Composition and Metabolic Energy of Different Fruit Tree Leaves as Feeding Sources for Ruminants(Univ Namik Kemal, 2024) Kocadayiogullari, Filiz; Boga, Mustafa; Ermetin, OrhanThe need for roughage in the animal nutrition industry has led to the search for various alternative roughage. In this context, as a result of the research, tree leaves have the potential to be considered as a nutritious and balanced forage source for animals. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the usability of apple (Malus domestica), apricot (Prunus armeniaca), cherry (Prunus avium), grape (Vitis vinifera), and umber mulberry (Morus rubra) leaves in ruminant nutrition. As a result of the research, nutritional contents of tree leaves (dry matter, crude protein, crude ash, crude oil, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, acid detergent lignin, tannin), in vitrogas, carbon dioxideand methane gas production, in vitrogas post-production rumen fluid volatile fatty acid contents were found to be different from each other (P<0.05). In addition, although metabolic energy, organic matter digestion, digestible dry matter, dry matter consumption and relative feed values were found to be different in tree leaves (P<0.05), the highest values of these parameters were found in mulberry leaves. Metabolic energy (ME-J/kgDM) in grape, mulberry, apple, apricot and cherry is 9.24, 10.69, 10.07, 10.24, 9.33, organic matter digestibility (OMD-%) is 56.49, 58.98, 54.46, 57.34, and 58.31, respectively. has been detected. In the volatile fatty acids in the rumen fluid of the leaves after in vitrogas production; Total volatile fatty acid (TVFA-mmol/L) was defined as 69.16, 76.25, 66.04, 68.63, and 65.24, acetic acid (AA-mmol/L) was determined as 44.90, 48.52, 41.93, 46.82, and 43.62, respectively. As a result of our detailed studies, it has been determined that the leaves of various fruit trees stand out with their considerable nutritional content. The most important reason for the differences in the findings is that the nutritional content of tree leaves is different from differs. As a result of our comprehensive study, these nutritional content differences offer significant potential for using leaves of various fruit trees as a source of forage.Öğe Performance and eating behaviour of crossbred goats in Mediterranean climate of Turkey(REVISTA BRASILEIRA ZOOTECNIA BRAZILIAN JOURNAL ANIMAL SCI, 2016) Koluman, Nazan; Boga, Mustafa; Silanikove, Nissim; Gorgulu, MuratThe objective of the study was to investigate milk yield and eating behaviour of crossbred goats, German Improved Fawn x Hair crossbred (GIF) and Saanen x Hair goats (S), in subtropical eastern Mediterranean climate of Turkey during early summer season. Eight GIF and eight S goats were individually housed in 1.5 x 1.5 m pens. Diurnal eating patterns were monitored by a system that recorded meal size and meal length. Milk yield (kg/day) was 1.77 in GIF and 2.0 in S goats, whereas milk production efficiency (kg feed/kg milk) was 1.15 in GIF and 1.07 in S goats. The differences between GIF and S goats in eating behaviour parameters were significant: the S goats had higher meal size and meal length and longer inter-meal interval, meal time, and eating rate within in each meal, but lower number of meals in comparison with GIF goats. German Improved Fawn x Hair crossbred and Saanen x Hair goats have similar lactation performance under good nutritional condition, but their eating behaviours are quite different.
