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    Absolute Quantification of Plasma Apolipoproteins for Cardiovascular Disease Risk Prediction
    (Humana Press Inc, 2020) Ozdemir, Betul; Selamoglu, Zeliha; Braidy, Nady
    Apolipoproteins have important structural and functional roles in several lipoprotein particles. Apolipoproteins regulate lipid metabolism, adipose tissue, and energy production and serve major regulatory roles in both pre- and pro-atherosclerotic mechanisms. They are also involved in protective mechanisms against atherosclerotic plaques. Therefore, accurate quantification of apolipoproteins may serve as a crucial biomarker for cardiovascular diseases. However, most apolipoproteins cannot be detected using standard clinical immunoassays, and multiplexing is not available for some species of apolipoproteins. Herein, we describe a highly robust and quantitative method using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry to quantify apolipoproteins in plasma. This methodology may add clinical value for profiling cardiovascular risk in vulnerable individuals and enable monitoring of apolipoprotein levels in plasma following intervention strategies.
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    Antioxidant and Antigenotoxic Potential of Infundibulicybe geotropa Mushroom Collected from Northwestern Turkey
    (Hindawi Ltd, 2020) Sevindik, Mustafa; Akgul, Hasan; Selamoglu, Zeliha; Braidy, Nady
    Infundibulicybe geotropa (Bull.) Harmaja is an edible mushroom found in Bolu province in northwestern Turkey. The chemical composition and bioactivity of these mushrooms has not been previously investigated. We examined the phenolic composition, elemental content, and antioxidant and antigenotoxic effects of methanol extracts of fruiting bodies. The phenolic compounds in the fungal samples were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and element content was determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) were determined using the commercially available Rel assay kit. The antigenotoxic effects of the extract were determined using the MTT assay to assess cell viability and the alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis assay (Comet assay). The total phenolic content (ppm) of I. geotropa was found to be catechin (361 +/- 2.31), clorogenic acid (553.54 +/- 5.06), and coumaric acid (9.93 +/- 0.25). The TAS, TOS, and OSI of the extract were 1.854 +/- 0.051 mmol/L, 30.385 +/- 0.399 mu mol/L, and 1.639 +/- 0.067, respectively. The elemental levels were within normal range. In HT22 mouse hippocampal neuronal cells, the extract (100 and 200 mu g/ml) showed no genotoxic potential and ameliorated hydrogen peroxide- (H2O2-) induced oxidative DNA damage. I. geotropa may be considered a good nutrient due to its phenolic constituents and antioxidant potential.
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    Antioxidant, antimicrobial and neuroprotective effects of Octaviania asterosperma in vitro
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2021) Sevindik, Mustafa; Akgul, Hasan; Selamoglu, Zeliha; Braidy, Nady
    Octaviania asterosperma (hypogeous Basidiomycota) We investigated the phenolic composition, and antioxidant, antimicrobial and antigenotoxic effects of methanol extracts of fruiting bodies from Octaviania asterosperma. The total phenolic content (ppm) of O. asterosperma was found to be catechin (54.73 +/- 4.68), epicatechin (123.90 +/- 8.52), caffeic acid (4.23 +/- 0.97), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (37.72 +/- 3.84), cinnamic acid (58.07 +/- 5.40), gallic acid (56.64 +/- 6.39), clorogenic acid (80.76 +/- 4.92) and coumaric acid (2.45 +/- 0.15). The total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) were 3.410 +/- 0.099 mmol/L, 7.548 +/- 0.147 mu mol/L and 0.221 +/- 0.005 respectively. O. asterosperma showed some promising antimicrobial activity. The extract showed no genotoxic potential and attenuated hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative DNA damage in neurons. Pre-treatment with O. asterosperma maintained mitochondrial function, reduced expression levels of cleaved-caspase-3 and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) when HT22 cells were exposed to pathophysiological concentrations of GLU (25 mM) and modulated protein kinase B (Akt), the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and the phosphotase and tensin homolog on chromosome ten (PTEN). O. asterosperma is an important food for the treatment or management of neurodegenerative disorders due to its phenolic content and potent antioxidant and anti-excitotoxic effects.
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    Potential Cardiogenic Effects of Poisonous Mushrooms
    (2021) Sevindik, Mustafa; Özaltun, Betül; Braidy, Nady; Akgül, Hasan; Akata, Ilgaz; Selamoğlu, Zeliha
    Natural resources have been the savior of people at every stage of human history. Mushrooms are very valuable food sources, especially in the rainy seasons. They can be grouped as poisonous, edible or inedible, depending on their nutritional status. These groups have positive or negative effects. Some types of mushrooms have different medicinal properties thanks to their bioactive compounds. It is necessary to characterize their toxicological profiles, especially before using mushroom species for human consumption, as toxic substances are identified even in some edible species. Mycetism, known as mushroom poisoning, is an international health problem. There are those that cause deadly poisoning and limited symptoms of poisoning in mushrooms. Poisonous mushrooms are divided into many classes as cytotoxic, neurotoxic, myotoxic, gastroirritan mushrooms according to their types or symptoms they cause. It is known that mushroom poisoning can cause serious toxicity on the liver, kidneys and central nervous system. However, its effect on heart function has not been determined yet. This study focused on poisonous mushrooms and their cardiological effects.