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    Antioxidative and antimicrobial edible chitosan films blended with stem, leaf and seed extracts of Pistacia terebinthus for active food packaging
    (Royal Soc Chemistry, 2018) Kaya, Murat; Khadem, Sanaz; Cakmak, Yavuz Selim; Mujtaba, Muhammad; Ilk, Sedef; Akyuz, Lalehan; Salaberria, Asier M.
    Methanol extracts of stem, leaf, and seed obtained from Pistacia terebinthus which are rich in phenolic compounds were used for the first time to produce chitosan-based antioxidative and antimicrobial films. All the produced films were characterized by FT-IR, TGA, DSC, SEM, contact angle measurements, and UV-Vis spectroscopy and mechanically. As was expected, incorporation of the plant extracts into chitosan films enhanced the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities effectively. Also, the elasticity of chitosan-seed and chitosan-stem films was improved. The eco-friendly nature of the produced blend films was determined through soil and water degradation analyses. All these findings lead to the conclusion that the produced blend films with Pistacia terebinthus extracts can be applied as alternative food packaging material.
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    Effect of different animal fat and plant oil additives on physicochemical, mechanical, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of chitosan films
    (Elsevier Science Bv, 2018) Akyuz, Lalehan; Kaya, Murat; Ilk, Sedef; Cakmak, Yavuz Selim; Salaberria, Asier M.; Labidi, Jalel; Yilmaz, Bahar Akyuz
    Practical application of chitosan-essential oil blend films is limited due to the uneconomical extraction procedure of essential oils from plants. This study aimed to produce chitosan films blended with low cost and commercially available oils and fats consumed in daily human diet (olive, corn and sunflower oils, butter and animal fats). The study also focused on how physicochemical, biological and mechanical properties of chitosan blend films were influenced by the incorporation of oils and fats with varying unsaturation degrees. Possible interactions of chitosan film matrix with incorporated oils or fats were investigated. Chitosan-olive oil film showed better surface morphology and higher thermal stability than the films with other unsaturated oils. Tensile strength, Young's modulus and elongation at break were improved by 57.2%, 25.1% and 31.7% for chitosan-olive oil film, respectively. Chitosan-olive oil blend film had the highest antibacterial activity (almost equal to that of commercial antibiotic gentamicin). Edible films obtained from by incorporation of natural oils and fats into chitosan can help produce an environmentally friendly packaging material that is low cost and easily manufactured. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Production and characterization of chitosan-fungal extract films
    (Elsevier, 2020) Koc, Behlul; Akyuz, Lalehan; Cakmak, Yavuz Selim; Sargin, Idris; Salaberria, Asier M.; Labidi, Jalel; Ilk, Sedef
    A fungal extract obtained from an edible species (Tricholoma terreum) was used to produce chitosan-based films. Fungal extracts were analyzed using HPLC and chitosan-based films were characterized with FT-IR, SEM, DSC and TGA analysis. High phenolic content was found in the fungal extracts using HPLC. FT-IR results showed that fungal extracts were successfully added into the chitosan films. The addition of fungal extract increased elasticity, hydrophobicity and antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the chitosan films. Additionally, antiquorum sensing and antimicrobial activities of chitosan-fungal extract films were found to be much higher than gentamicin (a commonly used antibiotic). However, incorporation of extracts into chitosan films decreased transparency and thermal stability. All these results suggested that chitosan-fungal extract films might be beneficially used to improve food packaging technology.
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    Production of novel chia-mucilage nanocomposite films with starch nanocrystals; An inclusive biological and physicochemical perspective
    (Elsevier, 2019) Mujtaba, Muhammad; Koc, Behlul; Martinez Salaberria, Asier; Ilk, Sedef; Cansaran-Duman, Demet; Akyuz, Lalehan; Cakmak, Yavuz Selim
    In the current study, chia mucilage composite films with starch nanocrystals (3% and 6%) were produced. The films were analyzed physicochemically (FT-IR, AFM, TGA, DSC), mechanically (Tensile strength and contact angle) and biologically (antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxicity) properties. The incorporation of starch nanocrystals was confirmed through FT-IR spectra showing broad OH peak and C=O stretching and shift in N-H bending vibrations to the lower wave number. Starch nanocrystals enhanced (control 287.23 degrees C, film with 3% SNC 286.91 degrees C and film with 6% mucilage 289.41 degrees C) the thermal properties of the composite films. The Young Modulus of the film showed an increase after the incorporation of starch nanocrystals due to the strong interaction between mucilage and nanocrystals. On the other hand, the overall hydrophobicity of mucilage composite film decreased due to the hydrophilic nature of cornstarch nanocrystals. mu assay for cell proliferation revealed significant inhibition of cancer cell (HepG2) lines and exhibits a very low inhibition of epithelial cell line (Vero). Starch nanocrystals enhanced the antibacterial and antioxidant (threefold increase compare to control) properties of mucilage composite films. Mucilage-SNC composite films could be a good therapeutic gain for control and directed drug delivery, food packaging, food coating. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.