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    Evaluation of Eggplant Cultivars for Tomato Spotted Wilt Orthotospovirus (TSWV) Disease Tolerance in Greenhouse Conditions
    (2021) Alam, Afzal; Elçi, Eminur
    Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is widely consumed vegetables like potato and tomato. Worldwide, the eggplant is cultivated in all regions and Turkey is the fourth largest eggplant-producer. It is a rich source of minerals and as a low-calorie fruit. Eggplant plays a vital role having high phenolic content which enhance the radical absorbing capacity. Objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (TSWV) on five different eggplant cultivars (Kemer, Aydın Siyahı, Halep Karası, Topan and Silindirik) under greenhouse conditions. Eggplant cultivars were mechanically inoculated with TSWV isolates and tested by DAS-ELISA method. According to DAS-ELISA and visible virus-like symptoms, all tested cultivars were susceptible to TSWV infection and showed typical tospo-like symptoms including concentric ringspot, necrosis, chlorotic ringspot, and necrotic ringspot. The highest infection rate was observed in Kemer (58%) followed by Topan (52%) whereas, the lowest infection rate was noticed in Silindirik (38%). Infection of TSWV caused significant (p?0.05) reduction in fruit number (32.99-59.34%), fruit length (17.12-49.76%), fruit diameter (12.44-38.30%), fruit weight (31.31-67.70%), flesh thickness (18.11-46.05%), total soluble solid (16.83-40.69%), fruit color, fruit firmness (4.88-29.25%) and yield (50.22-84.22%) in infected plants. According to the results obtained, the cultivar Silindirik performed better performance against TSWV among all the tested cultivars. Whereas the performance of the Kemer and Topan was poor making them more sensitive to TSWV. These results will help breeders for the development of TSWV resistant varieties by using these tolerant cultivars.
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    Fig
    (Elsevier, 2023) Elçi, Eminur; Sajid, Qurat-ul Ain; Çağlayan, Kadriye
    Common fig (Ficus carica L.) has several identified viruses, and fig mosaic disease (FMD) is a well-known disease infecting fig plants around the world. The causal agent of FMD has been identified as fig mosaic emaravirus (FMV), which has an extensive dispersal rate. The vector of FMD has been indefinable, as no evidence was found until 1955, though the eriophyid mite Aceria ficus (Cotte) was known as an efficient vector for FMV. It has been detected in many countries, like Turkey, England, the United States, Algeria, Spain, Tunisia, Syria, China, New Zealand, Israel, Italy, Greece, Jordan, Lebanon, and Australia. Its major symptoms comprised of mosaic, spotting, and mottling, foliar discoloration, size reduction and mosaics of fruits, and irregular leaf distortion. FMV is the one with the highest association with FMD, and beside this virus; numerous viruses have been reported belonging Caulimoviridae, Closteroviridae, Flexiviridae, Partitiviridae, and Tymoviridae families, including fig leaf mottle-associated viruses-1 and 2, Arkansas fig closteroviruses-1 and 2, fig latent virus-1, fig mild mottle-associated virus (FMMaV), fig cryptic virus, fig fleck-associated virus, fig badnavirus-1. Scouting and removal of infected trees can be the best management for this disease to avoid profit loss. © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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    Genomic Variability and Recombination Analysis of Grapevine leafrollassociated virus-1 Isolates from Turkey
    (2019) Elçi, Eminur
    Grapevine leafroll-associated virus-1 (GLRaV-1), one of the causal agents of Grapevine leafroll disease (GLRD), is oneof the most important viral diseases of grapevine worldwide. In this study, the prevalence of GLRaV-1, genetic variationand recombination events among GLRaV-1 isolates in Turkey were investigated. Initially, 197 grapevine samples fromdifferent provinces of the country were serologically tested. Of the total samples, 109 (55.32%) were identified asGLRaV-1 infected. Subsequently, 9 samples representing different geographic distribution were selected for furthersequence analysis of the heat-shock protein 70 homolog (HSP70h), open reading frame 9 (p24), coat protein (CP) andcoat protein duplicate 2 (CPd2). Among the four gene regions, CPd2 was found the most divergent region while HSP70hgene exhibited the lowest genetic diversity. The phylogenetic analysis of four genomic regions including GenBankrecords clustered all variants in two major groups and grouped Turkish isolates mostly together. However, the isolateclusters were not correlated to their geographic origin. Furthermore, several putative recombination events were detectedwith trace to moderate evidence support of algorithms implemented in Recombination Detection Program (RDP). Takentogether, the results provide a better understanding on genetic variation of Turkish GLRaV-1 isolates in the country andworldwide and can help to improve sanitation of propagated material programs for the grape growers.
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    Investigation of Virus Diseases and Molecular Detection of Little Cherry Virus 1 on Cherry Plants at Niğde Province
    (2019) Sajid, Qurat; Elçi, Eminur
    To investigate the virus infections of sour and sweet cherries, various locations of Niğde provincewere examined during 2017. Ninety sweet and sour cherry leaf samples showing suspicious virussymptoms were collected and screened with virus-specific primers: Little cherry virus 1 (LChV1),Cherry necrotic rusty mottle virus (CNRMV), Prune dwarf virus (PDV), Prune necrotic ring spotvirus (PNRSV), Apple mosaic virus (ApMV), Cherry green ring mottle virus (CGRMV), Cherryleaf roll virus (CLRV), Cherry mottle leaf virus (CMLV), Plum bark necrotic stem pitting associatedvirus (PBNSPaV), Cherry twisted leaf virus (CTLV), Apple stem grooving virus (ASGV), Littlecherry virus 2 (LChV2), Cherry rusty leaf virus (CRLV), Apple stem pitting virus (ASPV), Applechlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV). Based on RT-PCR analysis, no amplification was observedexcept LChV1 amplifications, dsRNA analysis resulted in one suspicious profile. To validate thoseresults, more sensitive TaqMan Real-Time PCR analysis and sequence analysis were conducted andLChV1 was detected on 7 samples. It can be concluded that only a low quantity of LChV1 infectionswas observed on some of the screened cherry samples.
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    Niğde ilinde yetiştirilen patateslerdeki adi uyuz hastalık etmeni Streptomyces türlerinin belirlenmesi
    (2022) Ünlü, Nida; Elçi, Eminur
    Amaç: Patates yetiştiriciliğinde ekim alanı en geniş olan ilimiz, 238 bin dekar ile Niğde’dir. Patates yetiştirilen alanlarda ürün kayıplarına neden olan etmenlerin en başında hastalık ve zararlılar gelmektedir. Bu hastalıklardan en önemlilerinden bir tanesi toprak kökenli bir patojen olan Streptomyces türlerinin neden olduğu Patates Adi Uyuz hastalığıdır. Bu çalışmada, patates üretiminin oldukça yoğun bir şekilde yapıldığı Niğde ilinde patates yetiştiriciliği yapılan bölgelerde patateste adi uyuz hastalığına neden olan Streptomyces türlerinin izolasyonu, moleküler olarak tanılanması ve izolatlar arası nükleotid varyasyonunun belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.Yöntem ve Bulgular: Niğde ilinde patates yetiştiriciliğinin yoğun olarak yapıldığı bölgelerde yapılan surveylerde adi uyuz hastalık simptomu gösteren şüpheli yumru örnekleri toplanmıştır. Toplanan yumrulardan bakteri izolasyonları yapılmış ve toplam 28 adet izolat elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen izolatlar morfolojik olarak tanılanmıştır. Ardından patates diskleri ile patojenisite testi yapılmıştır. Patojen olduğu belirlenen izolatların cins düzeyinde tanısı için 16SrRNA genel primerleri kullanılarak moleküler olarak tanılanmıştır.Genel Yorum: Yapılan bu çalışmada Niğde ilinde patates üretim alanlarında Patates Adi Uyuz hastalığının varlığı yapılan arazi çalışmaları ile tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen izolatların morfolojik ve moleküler tanılaması yapılmış ve şiddetli bir şekilde hastalığa neden olan izolatlar, Streptomyces scabies olarak tanılanmıştır.Çalışmanın Önemi ve Etkisi: Yapılan bu çalışma patates adi uyuz hastalığının Niğde ili patates arazilerinde varlığının moleküler yöntemlerle belirlenmesi açısından bir ilk niteliği taşımaktadır. Hastalıkla mücadelede hastalığa neden olan Streptomyces türlerinin bilinmesi oldukça önem arz etmektedir. Yapılan bu çalışma ile Niğde ili patates arazilerinde patates adi uyuz hastalığı tespit edilmiş olup tür düzeyinde çalışmalar hala devam etmektedir. Ayrıca bu çalışmanın yapılacak olan sonraki çalışmalara temel olacağı düşünülmektedir.
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