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    Association analysis of resistance to cereal cyst nematodes (Heterodera avenae) and root lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus neglectus and P-thornei) in CIMMYT advanced spring wheat lines for semi-arid conditions
    (JAPANESE SOC BREEDING, 2016) Dababat, Abdelfattah A.; Ferney, Gomez-Becerra Hugo; Erginbas-Orakci, Gul; Dreisigacker, Susanne; Imren, Mustafa; Toktay, Halil; Ogbonnaya, Francis
    To identify loci linked to nematode resistance genes, a total of 126 of CIMMYT advanced spring wheat lines adapted to semi-arid conditions were screened for resistance to Heterodera avenae, Pratylenchus neglectus, and P. thornei, of which 107 lines were genotyped with 1,310 DArT. Association of DArT markers with nematode response was analyzed using the general linear model. Results showed that 11 markers were associated with resistance to H. avenae (pathotype Ha21), 25 markers with resistance to P. neglectus, and 9 significant markers were identified to be linked with resistance to P thornei. In this work we confirmed that chromosome 4A (similar to 90-105 cM) can be a source of resistance to P. thornei as has been recently reported. Other significant markers were also identified on chromosomal regions where no resistant genes have been reported for both nematodes species. These novel QTL were mapped to chromosomes 5A, 6A, and 7A for H. avenae; on chromosomes 1A, 1B, 3A, 3B, 6B, 7AS, and 7D for P. neglectus; and on chromosomes 1D, 2A, and 5B for P. thornei and represent potentially new loci linked to resistance that may be useful for selecting parents and deploying resistance into elite germplasm adapted to regions where nematodes are causing problem.
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    Resistance of winter wheat to Heterodera filipjevi in Turkey
    (TUBITAK SCIENTIFIC & TECHNICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL TURKEY, 2014) Dababat, Abdelfattah A.; Erginbas-Orakci, Gul; Toktay, Halil; Imren, Mustafa; Akin, Beyhan; Braun, Hans-Joachim; Morgounov, Alexei
    Cereal cyst nematodes (CCNs) are plant parasites that significantly limit global cereal production. The most frequently reported pathogenic species are Heterodera avenae, H. filipjevi, and H. latipons. One of the most cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and easily adopted control measures is the use of genetic host resistance, which maintains nematode populations below the economic damage threshold level. Many effective sources of resistance to CCNs have been identified in cereals; however, their effectiveness and usefulness is dependent on the interaction of the specific putative resistant accession and the CCN pathotype found in a specific region. In this study, 719 wheat lines from the Facultative and Winter Wheat Observation Nurseries, representing a broad geographical spectrum of breeding lines and varieties from Europe, Central Asia, and the International Winter Wheat Improvement Program, were screened against H. filipjevi under controlled conditions. The results indicated that 114 and 90 genotypes were ranked resistant and moderately resistant, representing 15.8% and 12.5% of the screened genotypes, respectively. The frequency of resistant genotypes observed in the germplasms varied significantly among the different original countries and was the highest for genotypes that originated from Bulgaria (59.3%). From those phenotyped germplasms, a set of 289 lines was genotyped to understand if resistance sources are located at the same site or originate from different locations in the genome.
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    Resistance Response of Drought and Heat Tolerant Spring Wheat Lines against the Cereal Cyst Nematode, Heterodera filipjevi
    (Galenos Publ House, 2022) Atiya, Osameh; Dababat, Abdelfattah; Erginbas-Orakci, Gul; Singh, Sukhwinder; Toktay, Halil
    Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is extremely affected by several abiotic and biotic stress factors. Drought and/or heat alongside the parasitism of cereal cyst nematodes of the Heterodera genera can have a combined destructive impact on wheat. Solely, the cereal cyst nematode species Heterodera filipjevi can cause wheat yield losses of up to 50%. Several control measures have been implemented, yet the most economical and convenient control strategy is the use of resistant hosts. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to evaluate the resistant response of 257 spring wheat lines obtained from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre to Heterodera filipjevi that might contain novel sources of resistance and be added as genetic resources for future breeding programs. Also, provide a base for future research to understand the relationship between nematode resistances and drought and heat tolerance. The results indicated that 11 wheat lines (4%) and 36 wheat lines (14%) were resistant and moderately resistant, respectively. High frequency of susceptible and highly susceptible lines and low frequency of resistant lines within this set was also recorded. The linear regression analysis between the number of cysts formed and the resistance response grouping showed a strong, positive, linear correlation. Log-linear regression analysis showed that there is a weak positive correlation between the yield of heat tolerant wheat lines and their resistance to the cyst nematodes as these lines showed tolerance, while there was a weak negative correlation of formed cyst nematodes on the yield of drought tolerant lines. This study was able to add new genetic sources of resistance to Heterodera filipjevi for upcoming breeding programs.
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    The importance and management strategies of cereal cyst nematodes, Heterodera spp., in Turkey
    (SPRINGER, 2015) Dababat, Abdelfattah A.; Imren, Mustafa; Erginbas-Orakci, Gul; Ashrafi, Samad; Yavuzaslanoglu, Elif; Toktay, Halil; Mekete, Tesfamariam
    Cereal cyst nematodes (CCNs) can cause significant economic yield losses alone or in combination with other biotic and abiotic factors. The damage caused by these nematodes can be enormous when they occur in a disease complex, particularly in areas subject to water stress. Of the 12 valid CCN species, Heterodera avenae, H. filipjevi, and H. latipons are considered the most economically important in different parts of the world. This paper reviews current approaches to managing CCNs via genetic resistance, biological agents, cultural practices, and chemical strategies. Recent research within the soil borne pathogen program of the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center has focused on germplasm screening, the potential of this germplasm as sources of resistance, and how to incorporate new sources of resistance into breeding programs. Breeding for resistance is particularly complicated and difficult when different species and pathotypes coexist in nature. A lack of expertise and recognition of CCNs as a factor limiting wheat production potential, combined with inappropriate breeding strategies and slow screening processes limit genetic gains for resistance to CCNs.