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Öğe An Optical Coherence Tomography Study that Supports the Neurovascular Basis of Schizophrenia Disease(Aves, 2022) Kurt, Aydin; Zor, Kursad Ramazan; Kucuk, Erkut; Yildirim, Gamze; Ersan, Etem ErdalObjectives: Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) is a non-penetrating, quick, and practical device which enables measurement of the chorioretinal layers. In this study, our purpose was to investigate the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and choroidal thickness in schizophrenia patients, using SD-OCT, and compare the -findings with those of the control group. Methods: For the study, 44 patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, and 41 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were enrolled. Both eyes of each participant were-evaluated. RNFL was measured and analyzed automatically with optical coherence tomography. Scans for choroidal thickness were obtained with the enhanced depth imaging mode of the SD-OCT device and measured manually. Results: The average age of schizophrenia patients was 47.82, and it was 45.5 for the control group. The mean illness duration of the patients was 24.79 years. According to the results of this study, all choroidal measures (nasal, subfoveal, and temporal) of both eyes, and the RNFL thickness of schizophrenia patients, were significantly thinner than that of healthy controls. The chorioretinal measures of both eyes were similar. The results showed that a weak negative correlation was present between illness duration and choroidal diameter. Conclusion: In addition to demonstrating the thinning of RNFL in schizophrenia patients, as frequently reported in the literature, the results of this study show, for the first time, that choroidal thickness is considerably decreased in schizophrenia patients compared to the healthy controls, using SD-OCT. Keeping in mind that the choroid is a vascular layer, these results support the neurovascular hypothesis of schizophrenia.Öğe Can the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cause choroiditis and optic neuropathy?(Sage Publications Inc, 2021) Zor, Kuraad Ramazan; Bicer, Gamze Yildirim; Gunaydin, Nesrin Tutas; Kucuk, Erkut; Yilmaz, UgurObjectives: We aim to investigate the involvement of the choroid and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) in COVID-19 patients using spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between April and June 2020. 40 patients (23 female and 17 male) with COVID-19 and 42 healthy individuals (26 female and 16 male) were included in the study. The OCT scans were performed 4 weeks after the COVID-19 diagnosis. Results: In the COVID-19 group, in the right eyes, the mean nasal choroidal thickness was 295.70 +/- 7,046 mu m (p = 0.017), mean subfoveal choroidal thickness was 333.25 +/- 6,353 mu m (p = 0.003), mean temporal choroidal thickness was 296.63 +/- 6,324 mu m (p = 0.039), and mean RNFL was 89.23 +/- 1.30 mu m (p = 0.227). In the left eyes, mean nasal choroidal thickness was 287.88 +/- 9,033 mu m (p = 0.267), mean subfoveal choroidal thickness was 333.80 +/- 9,457 mu m (p = 0.013), mean temporal choroidal thickness was 298.50 +/- 9,158 mu m (p = 0.079), and mean RNFL was 89.48 +/- 1,289 mu m (p = 0.092). Compared with the control group, the patient group had significant thickening of the choroidal thickness in all quadrants of the right eyes, and significant thickening of the subfoveal choroidal thickness in the left eyes. There was no significant difference in the RNFL thickness between groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: COVID-19 may cause a subclinical involvement in the choroidal layer.Öğe Can the long term using of pregabalin in fibromyalgia affect the choroid and retinal nerve fiber layer?(Springernature, 2022) Bicer, Gamze Yildirim; Zor, Kursad Ramazan; Bicer, Kadir Eren; Kucuk, Erkut; Kucuk, Esin BenliBackground In this study, the effects of long-term pregabalin use on the choroid and retinal nerve fiber layer were investigated in the fibromyalgia disease. Methods The patient group consisted of 41 fibromyalgia patients using pregabalin. The control group consisted of 41 newly diagnosed fibromyalgia patients who had not received any treatment yet. Choroidal and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness measurements were performed with Cirrus HD-OCT (Carl Zeiss Meditec Inc., Dublin, CA, USA) 30 minutes after pupil dilation with 1% tropicamide. Results There was no difference in subfoveal choroidal thickness, nasal choroidal thickness and temporal choroidal thickness between the patient and control groups (p > 0.05). Increasing the duration of drug use within the patient group was found to thin the retinal nerve fiber layer (p < 0.05). Conclusion We found that pregabalin had no effect on the choroid, while it had a thinning effect for retinal nerve fiber layer. It is recommended not to be preferred pregabalin in fibromyalgia patients with retinal nerve fiber layer damage such as diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma. Patients treated with pregabalin should have regular control in the ophthalmology clinic.Öğe Causes of Blindness and Moderate to Severe Visual Impairment in Nigde, Central Anatolia, Turkey(Erciyes Univ Sch Medicine, 2019) Kucuk, Erkut; Zor, Kursad Ramazan; Yilmaz, UgurObjective: We investigated the causes of blindness and moderate to severe visual impairment (MSVI) in the Nigde province of Turkey using the disability health board records of the Nigde State Hospital. Materials and Methods: The disability health board reports of Nigde State Hospital recorded between 2011 and 2015 were retrospectively evaluated. The causes of blindness and MSVI were determined using the cause in the better-seeing eye, based on World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. The overall, age-related, and gender specific causes of blindness and MSVI were identified. Results: During the study period, 335 subjects were recorded as blind and 381 subjects were recorded as having MSVI. The main causes of blindness were retinitis pigmentosa (14.6%), age-related macular degeneration (AMD) (12.2%), and diabetic retinopathy (12.2%). In the MSVI group, the main causes were cataract (18.4%), AMD (16.5%), and diabetic retinopathy (13.9%). Conclusion: Retinitis pigmentosa, AMD, and diabetic retinopathy were the leading causes of blindness, and, in addition to these, cataract was a prominent cause of MSVI. The prevalence of retinitis pigmentosa was unexpectedly high in this region of Turkey, which may be due to the high frequency of consanguineous marriages that are commonly seen in Middle Eastern countries. This information is important for planning public health policies and raising public awareness of the visual impairment, given that several leading causes of visual impairment are reversible or preventable.Öğe Choroidal thickness and retinal nerve fiber layer analysis in acute systemic brucellosis(Sage Publications Inc, 2021) Zor, Kursad Ramazan; Gulen, Tugba Arslan; Bicer, Gamze Yildirim; Kucuk, Erkut; Imre, Ayfer; Odemis, Ilker; Kayabas, UnerIntroduction This study aims to detect changes in choroidal thickness and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in acute stage brucellosis. Methods Fnewly diagnosed patients with acute brucellosis and 19 healthy individuals as control group were included in the study. Choroidal thickness and RNFL thickness were measured using the Spectral Domain Cirrus OCT Model 400 (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany) for each participant in the patient and control group. Results In the brucella group, in the right eyes, the mean nasal choroidal thickness was 272.77 +/- 50.26 mu m (p = 0.689), the mean subfoveal choroidal thickness was 321.14 +/- 33.08 mu m (p = 0.590), the mean temporal choroidal thickness was 278.86 +/- 48.84 mu m (p = 0.478), and the mean RNFL thickness was 90.43 +/- 8.93 mu m (p = 0.567). In the left eyes, the mean nasal choroidal thickness was 282.29 +/- 48.93 mu m (p = 0.715), the mean subfoveal choroidal thickness was 316.79 +/- 39.57 mu m (p = 0.540), the mean temporal choroidal thickness was 284.93 +/- 50.57 mu m (p = 0.392), and the mean RNFL thickness was 92.64 +/- 8.95 mu m (p = 0.813). Conclusion No difference was found between the control and the brucella groups regarding to all choroidal regions and RNFL thickness.Öğe Do static and dynamic pupillary parameters differ according to childhood, adulthood, and old age? A quantitative study in healthy volunteers(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2022) Bicer, Gamze Yildirim; Zor, Kursad Ramazan; Kucuk, ErkutPurpose: We aimed to evaluate the normative pupillometry values and mean pupil dilatation speed in healthy individuals in different age groups in our study. Methods: The study group included 180 eyes of 90 healthy volunteers in different age groups. Group 1 consisted of 30 participants between the ages of 6 and 18, group 2 consisted of 30 participants aged 19-40, and group 3 consisted of 30 participants aged 41-75. Scotopic, mesopic, photopic, and dynamic measurements were taken with automatic pupillometry of Sirius Topographer (CSO, Firenze, Italy). The mean pupil dilation speed at the 18th second was calculated according to dynamic measurements. Results: Group 1 had a significantly larger pupil diameter than groups 2 and 3 in all static and dynamic parameters, and the mean pupil dilation speed was the highest among the groups (P < 0.001 for all static and dynamic parameters). In addition, group 2 had a significantly larger pupil diameter than group 3 (P < 0.001 for all static and dynamic parameters) and the mean pupil dilation speed was faster than group 3 (P = 0.027). Conclusion: We have presented the static and dynamic parameters and the mean speed of pupil dilatation at the 18th second with automatic pupillometry in healthy individuals in childhood, adulthood, and old age. More studies with higher participants and younger age children are needed.Öğe Does choroidal thickness change in advanced hemorrhoids patients?(Edizioni Luigi Pozzi, 2022) Bolat, Haci; Kucuk, Erkut; Zor, Kursad RamazanBACKGROUND: This study was conducted to examine the choroidal thickness of patients with grade 4 hemorrhoids to see if vascular abnormalities in hemorrhoid patients may affect other 'parts of the body. METHODS: 51 patients diagnosed with grade 4 hemorrhoids in the last two years and 49 healthy volunteers were included. Choroidal evaluation was done by measurements from various points of the choroid using a spectral domain Cirrus HD-OCT (Carl Zeiss Meditec Inc.) in enhanced-depth imaging mode. Choroidal thicknesses were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Nasal choroidal thickness, temporal choroidal thickness and mean choroidal thickness measurements were significantly higher in the hemoroid group (p<0.05), while subfoveal choroidal thickness did not differ significantly between the groups. Macular thickness was also significantly higher in the hemoroid group compared to the control group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: There was an increase in choroidal thickness in patients with grade 4 hemorrhoids.Öğe Dry eye in chronic stroke patients with hemiplegia: A cross-sectional study(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2020) Kucuk, Esin Benli; Kucuk, Erkut; Kaydok, Ercan; Zor, Kursad Ramazan; Bicer, Gamze YildirimObjective: Dry eye is reported to be associated with several neurological diseases. The aim of this study is to evaluate the patients with hemiplegia after stroke for dry eye and compare their results with a control group. Materials and methods: Forty-five patients with hemiplegia and 45 individuals as the control group were included in the study. Tear function tests (Schirmer and tear breakup time) and a dry eye questionnaire for dry eye symptoms (ocular surface disease index) were performed and the results of the two groups were compared. Results: Schirmer test results were significantly lower in the post-stroke hemiplegia group compared to the control group (11.3 +/- 8.2 mm and 20.6 +/- 11.6 mm, respectively, p < .001). Tear breakup time results were significantly lower in the post-stroke hemiplegia group compared to the control group (7.9 +/- 3.1 s and 12.1 +/- 4.3 s, respectively, p < .001). Ocular surface disease index scores were not significantly different between hemiplegia and control groups (21.6 +/- 20.0 and 19.8 +/- 13.9, respectively, p = .635). Schirmer scores lower than 10 mm (60% and 30%, p < .001) and tear breakup time results lower than 10 s (65.6% and 28.9%, p < .001) were also higher in the hemiplegia group compared to control group. Conclusion: We found lower Schirmer test and tear breakup time results and similar OSDI scores in hemiplegia patients compared to controls. Hemiplegia patients may have dry eye without typical symptoms. This should be taken into consideration in the follow-up and rehabilitation of post-stroke hemiplegia patients.Öğe Evaluation of nerve innervation distribution of orbicularis oculi muscle for botulinum neurotoxin application using Sihler's method(Elsevier Gmbh, 2024) Cicek, Fatih; Cinaroglu, Selim; Ceranoglu, Faruk Gazi; Kucuk, Erkut; Zor, Kursad RamazanBackground: Blepharospasm is the involuntary and forced closure of the eyelids due to spasm-like contraction of the orbicularis oculi muscle around the eye. The study aimed to reveal the nerve innervation of the orbicularis oculi muscle for Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) treatment of blepharospasm by Sihler's staining technique.Methods: This study used six cephalus (12 orbicularis oculi muscles) with an average age of 69,6 (62-88) years. Then, the orbicularis oculi muscles were removed by dissection, and Sihler's staining technique was applied to the muscles. The limit for dissection of the muscle is the orbital opening level, where the nerves enter the muscle, and the muscle attaches to the bone. Results: In the region above the palpebral fissure, the nerves entering the muscle were densely located in the superolateral quadrant between 9 and 12 o ' clock in the right eye and between 12 and 3 o ' clock in the left eye. In the region under the palpebral fissure, the nerves' density in the orbicularis oculi muscle was higher between 4 and 7 o ' clock in the right eye and between 5 and 8 o ' clock in the left eye.Conclusion: This study unveiled the nerve branches associated with the orbicularis oculi muscle. It pinpointed precise crossing points of these nerve branches, which can be targeted for applying BoNT in treating blepharospasm. Consequently, by utilizing minimal BoNT, it is anticipated that the quantity of toxin administered will decrease, leading to more efficient outcomes and reduced expenses. Furthermore, this approach can aid in averting potential undesired complications during BoNT administration.Öğe EVALUATION OF OXIDATIVE STRESS, 3-NITROTYROSINE, AND HMGB-1 LEVELS IN PATIENTS WITH WET TYPE AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION(Soc Medical Biochemists Serbia, 2022) Zor, Kursad Ramazan; Sari, Ismail; Bicer, Gamze Yildirim; Gunturk, Inayet; Kucuk, Erkut; Ersan, Serpil; Seydel, Gonul SeydaBackground: This study aims to compare serum HMGB-1, 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT), TAS, TOS, and OSI levels in Wettype Age-Related Macular Degeneration (wAMD) patients and healthy controls to determine the correlation of these parameters with each other. Methods: Thirty patients with Wet-type Age-Related Macular Degeneration (wAMD) and 27 healthy adults, as controls were enrolled in the study. We determined the TAS and TOS levels in serum samples of both groups using commercial kits on a microplate reader. Serum HMGB-1 and 3-NT levels were measured with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Results: HMGB-1 levels were significantly higher in the patient group (137.51 pg/mL, p=0.001), while there was no difference between the two groups in serum 3-NT levels (p = 0.428). A statistically significant difference found in the levels of TOS and OSI (p = 0.001 and p = 0.045, respectively) between the patients and controls, however, no significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of TAS levels (p = 0.228). Conclusions: Oxidative stress and HMGB-1 levels were increased in wAMD patients and enhanced oxidative stress may be associated with increased tissue necrosis and inflammation. Thus administration of antioxidant treatment in addition to routine therapy should be considered in wAMD.Öğe Inhibitory Effect of Valsartan on Pterygium Fibroblasts(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2020) Kucuk, Erkut; Aydemir, Isil; Zor, Kursad Ramazan; Ozkan, OktayPurpose: Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) were shown to have antifibrotic properties in ocular and systemic diseases. In this study, our aim was to investigate the effect of an angiotensin receptor blocker, valsartan, on pterygium fibroblasts and compare this effect with that of mitomycin C (MMC). Methods: Pterygium tissue samples were obtained from 3 patients during surgical excision. Primary cultured pterygium fibroblasts and L929 cell cultures were treated with different concentrations of MMC and valsartan. Results: The cell viability decreased with increasing concentrations of valsartan at 48 hours for both cell types. MMC inhibited the proliferation of both cell types at 48 hours. Both agents significantly decreased the cell migration of the 2 cell types, although it was more prominent in the MMC-treated group. Conclusions: Valsartan inhibited the proliferation and migration of pterygium fibroblasts. The known favorable safety profile of these drugs and the results of this study showing inhibitory effect on pterygium fibroblasts make valsartan a potential therapeutic agent for pterygium treatment.Öğe Outcomes and comparison of nasolacrimal probing for patients older than 12 months(Sage Publications Ltd, 2020) Zor, Kursad Ramazan; Kucuk, Erkut; Yilmaz Oztorun, ZeynepObjective: In this study, we report the results of probing done in our clinic. We also want investigate role of late probing on outcome, especially in children older than 24 and 48 months. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated records of patients who underwent probing under general anaesthesia due to congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction between 2013 and 2017 in Nigde Omer Halisdemir University Faculty of Medicine in Nigde, Turkey. Success rates of probing for different age groups were compared. Results: 143 eyes of 123 patients were included in the study. Overall success rate was 93.7% (134 eyes out of 1431. We found the success rate as 95.5 in 12-18 months age group, 93.3% in 18-24 months age group, 93.8% in the 24-48 months age group, 86.6% in the 48 months and older age group. Overall success rate in 24 months and older age group was 91.5%. The second operation was performed on seven of the nine patients where the initial surgery failed, and successful results were achieved in six patients. Success rate was 100% after the second surgery in patients older than 48 months. Conclusion: The success rate of probing is high in patients with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction from 12 to 84 months. In patients with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction who are older than 48 months probing is effective and should be first-choice in this age group in management of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Probing may be used even in older patients who had previous unsuccessful probing.Öğe Relationship between echocardiography and arterial stiffness parameters and chorodial thickness in healthy subjects(Edizioni Minerva Medica, 2022) Akkaya, Hasan; Zor, Kursad R.; Gunturk, Ertugrul E.; Kucuk, Erkut; Yildirim, GamzeABSTR A C T BACKGROUND: Choroid is one of the most vascularized tissues of the body. Enhanced depth imaging optical coher-ence tomography (EDI-OCT) is the diagnostic method for choroid imaging. An increase in arterial stiffness, one of the important determinants of vascular aging, is a prognostic predictor of cardiovascular mortality. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (CFPWV) is the gold standard method for the detection of arterial stiffness and has a high predictive value for undesirable cardiovascular events. The aim of our study was to investigate whether there is a relationship between choroidal thickness and echocardiographic findings, CFPWV, arterial stiffness, aortic distensibility and other basic pa-rameters in healthy middle-aged subjects. METHODS: The study included 80 healthy individuals aged 30-60 years. Firstly, echocardiographic and arterial stiffness levels of volunteers were evaluated, and choroidal thickness was determined by EDI-OCT. The relationship between choroidal thickness and other parameters was evaluated by Pearson correlation test. RESULTS: A total of 80 healthy volunteers (35 females, 43%) were included in the study. The mean age was 42.40-17.68 years (range, 31-60 years). It was found that there were a negative correlation between choroid and age (r=-0.80, P<0.01), left ventricular deceleration time (r=-0.72, P<0.01), isovolumic relaxation time (r=-0.76, P<0.01), ee (r =-0.68, P<0.01), annular late diastolic velocity (r=-0.25, P<0.05), CFPWV (r=-0.70, P<0.01) and aortic stiffness (r=-0.76, P<0.01). There was a significant positive correlation between choroid and aortic distensibility (r=0.81, P<0.01). There was no difference between the genders in terms of choroidal thickness (t[77]=0.47, P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Correlation between advanced age, left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, increased arterial stiffness parameters, decreased aortic distensibility and choroidal thinning were observed.Öğe Repeated use of fibrin sealants kept at room temperature in conjunctival autografting: An animal study(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2022) Zor, Kursad Ramazan; Cinaroglu, Selim; Kucuk, Erkut; Keles, Haci; Ozturk, AliPurpose: In this study, our aim was to investigate if fibrin adhesives used in conjunctival wound surgery with autologous conjunctival grafts could be used repeatedly at different times after surgical opening. Methods: 40 New Zealand rabbits were used in the study. These animals were divided into four groups, each consisting of 10 rabbits, and hence 20 eyes. In the first group (control group), Tisseel fibrin sealant was used on the day the eye was first opened surgically; in the second group, it was used on the seventh day; on the third group, it was used on the 14th day; and in the fourth group, it was used 28 days after surgical opening. The graft from the inferior bulbar conjunctiva was attached using Tisseel fibrin glue to the superior scleral bed at the location where the superior bulbar conjunctiva was excised in the same eye. Results: No microbial growth was detected in the cultures of the samples tested. There were two partial graft loss in group 2 and there was one partial graft loss in each group of the other groups, and further total graft loss was present in one rabbit in group 3. None of the rabbits had any complications like granuloma, Corneal dellen or infection. Conclusion: Based on these results, fibrin sealants can be used repeatedly by storing them at room temperature. Repeated use of fibrin adhesives will reduce the cost of ophthalmologic surgeries and non-ophthalmologic surgeries.Öğe Serum malondialdehyde, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and vitamin C levels in wet type age-related macular degeneration patients(Sage Publications Ltd, 2020) Zor, Ramazan Kursad; Ersan, Serpil; Kucuk, Erkut; Yildirim, Gamze; Sari, IsmailPurpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) which is a marker of oxidative stress, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) which has an important role in inflammation, and vitamin C which has antioxidant properties in patients with wet age-related macular degeneration (wAMD). Methods: Thirty patients with wAMD were included in the study and serum levels of MDA, MCP-1, and vitamin C were compared with healthy participants (n = 30). Serum vitamin C and MDA levels were measured using a spectrophotometric method. Serum MCP-1 levels were determined by the ELISA method. Results: MCP-1 and MDA levels were higher in patients with wAMD compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Serum vitamin C levels were lower in patients with wAMD compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The increase in the MCP-1 levels in patients with wAMD may be associated with increased inflammation in wAMD. Decreased serum vitamin C and elevated MDA levels in patients with wAMD suggest increased oxidative stress in wAMD patients. These results indicate that the increased oxidative stress and inflammation can play a role in the pathogenesis of wAMD.Öğe The contribution of scholars to the anatomy of the eye and adnexa in islamic geography(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2020) Zor, Kursad R.; Cinaroglu, Selim; Kucuk, ErkutFrom the early period of Islam, Muslim scholars have translated the ancient Greek medical works, and they reached a much more advanced level. Blindness was a major cause of disability in all Islamic geography, so physicians from Islamic territory, particularly Yuhanna ibn Masawayh, Hunain Ibn Ishaq, Rhazes, Ali bin Isa, Ibn-i Sina, and Ibn Al-Haitam, were particularly focused on the anatomy of the eye and diagnosis and treatment of eye diseases. In this study, we aimed to report the contributions of the Muslim scholar on the anatomy of the eye and adnexa for the first time in the literature.Öğe The effect of retrobulbar anesthesia for cataract surgery on the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness(Springer, 2020) Kucuk, Erkut; Zor, Kursad RamazanObjective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect retrobulbar and topical anesthesia on optic nerve by measuring retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness before and after phacoemulsification cataract surgery using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods A total of 126 eyes of 108 patients were included in the study. Retrobulbar anesthesia was used in 61 eyes of 53 patients, and topical anesthesia was used in 65 eyes of 55 patients. OCT scans were done 1 week before the surgery and 4 weeks after surgery, and the results were evaluated. Results The average RNFL thickness increased postoperatively in both groups (p < 0.001 for topical anesthesia group and p = 0.001 for retrobulbar anesthesia group). The preoperative and postoperative average and quadrant RNFL thickness and the change in RNFL thickness were not significantly different between the two anesthesia groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion Our results suggest that retrobulbar anesthesia has no unfavorable effect on the retinal nerve fiber layer.Öğe The Evaluation of Peripapillary Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness Changes in Patients with Retinitis Pigmentosa and Patients with Early-Late Stage Glaucoma(Gazi Univ, Fac Med, 2022) Zor, Kursad Ramazan; Kucuk, Erkut; Bicer, Gamze Yildirim; Kivrak, UlviyeObjective: The aim of the study is to evaluate the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness of patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and patients with early- and late-stage glaucoma using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), and investigate the similarity and differences of RNFL thickening and thinning regions between these groups. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in Nigde Omer Halisdemir University Training and Research Hospital. The patients were divided into three groups; retinitis pigmentosa (group 1), early-stage glaucoma (group 2), and medium- and advanced-stage glaucoma (group 3). The RNFL thickness of all patients were measured. Each group consisted of 20 patients. Results: RNFL thinning was most frequently detected in the inferior quadrant, and then in the superior quadrant in all 3 groups and thickening was not detected in these 2 quadrants in glaucoma groups. The thickening was most frequently detected in the temporal quadrant, and in the 9 o' clock segment in all groups. In groups 1 and 2, the nasal quadrant was second after the temporal quadrant in RNFL thickening. RNFL thickening and thinning regions were found to be similar in these 2 diseases, which progress with ganglion cell damage. The horizontal quadrants were less affected and vertical quadrants were more affected regardless of the disease. Conclusion: The similar changes in the RNFL layer in these 2 different diseases with different mechanisms suggest that ganglion cells might have a specific response to various disease processes.Öğe X-Linked Retinoschisis in Females in a Consanguineous Family: A Rare Entity(Turkish Ophthalmological Soc, 2020) Onen, Mehmet; Zor, Kursat; Kucuk, Erkut; Yildirim, GamzeX-linked juvenile retinoschisis (XLRS) is a disease considered characteristic for males. In this study we report a consanguineous family in which 3 daughters were diagnosed with XLRS. Typical signs of XLRS were detected in 2 girls, aged 4 and 15. Fundoscopic examination of the father and the oldest daughter (age 17) revealed bilateral atrophic macula and retinal thinning. Although rare and considered characteristic for males, XLRS can be seen in females in Middle-East countries that have a high rate of consanguineous marriage. It can be overlooked by ophthalmologists and these patients may be misdiagnosed.
