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    Hepatoprotective effect of royal jelly, grape seed extract, and Lycium barbarum against diethylnitrosamine-induced liver toxicity in rats
    (2018) Sedat Bilgic; Zumrut Dogan; Sebile Azirak; Mehmet Erman Erdemli; Muhittin Onderci; Ahmet Turk; Mehmet Kaya Ozer
    Aim: We aimed to investigate, the effects of royal jelly (RJ), grape seed extract (GSE), and Lycium barbarum extract (LBAE) against diethylnitrosamine (DEN) induced hepatotoxicity, in experimental animal model. Material and Methods: Fifty female Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups (n=10): Control, DEN, DEN+RJ, DEN+GSE, DEN+LBAE. DEN administrated groups were intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected with three separate administration of DEN (200 mg/kg), on the zero, fifteenth and thirtieth treatment day. Then 100 mg/kg of RJ was given to DEN+RJ group, 100 mg/kg of GSE was given to DEN+GSE group, and 400 mg/kg LBAE was given to DEN+LBAE group with the daily drinking water from day 0 for 16 weeks. Histopathologic alterations including apoptotic changes of liver were evaluated. Results: RJ, GSE, and LBAE treatments significantly reduced weight loss induced by DEN. DEN administrated rats significantly increases malondialdehyde (MDA) level. It also efficiently decreases glutathione (GSH) level and catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. These results were significantly ameliorated by dietary supplements (p<0.05). In addition, they increased the total antioxidant status (TAS) level and decreased serum oxidative stress index (OSI), total oxidant status (TOS), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) levels significantly (p<0.05). TUNEL positive cells were extremly pervasive in the livers of DEN group. Conclusion: Improvements were prominent in case of RJ > GSE > LBAE. Our results indicated that RJ, GSE and LBAE might be useful for prevention of hepatotoxicity induced by DEN via ameliorative effects on biochemical and oxidative stress indices.
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    The effects of grapeseed extract and low level laser therapy administration on the liver in experimentally fractured mandible
    (2017) Mehmet Erman Erdemli; Hasan Akgul; Bilal Ege; Zeynep Aksungur; Harika Gözükara Bag; Zeliha Selamoglu
    Aim: The present study investigated the changes in the liver tissues of rats with experimentally fractured mandible following the use of Grape Extract (GSE) and Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) in healing the fracture in dentistry. Materials and Methods: 60 adult male Wistar Albino rats were randomly assigned to 5 main groups (Control, Fractured Mandible (FM), FM + GSE, FM + LLLT, FM + LLLT + GSE), and then these groups were divided into two groups of 7 and 21 days (n = 6). A vertical fracture line passing through the molar teeth was formed in the right mandibles of all subjects except for these in the control group, and the fracture was internally fixed with a four-hole microplate and four micro-screws. Malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activities were analyzed to determine the changes caused by GSE and LLLT administration in rat liver tissues in fractured mandibles. Results: It was determined that MDA and SOD levels in FM group and GSH and CAT activity levels in FM + GSE group and MDA levels in FM + LLLT group and GSH and CAT levels in FM + GSE + LLLT group increased statistically significantly to the control group on days 7 and 21. Conclusion: Biochemical parameters were investigated on the 7th and the 21st days, and it was determined that the oxidative damage caused by mandibular defects could be eliminated substantially in the rat liver especially with the administration of grapeseed that has antioxidant capacity.