Yazar "Naqqash, Muhammad Nadir" seçeneğine göre listele
Listeleniyor 1 - 14 / 14
Sayfa Başına Sonuç
Sıralama seçenekleri
Öğe Demographic features and population projection of resistant and susceptible populations of Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)(Springer, 2023) Naqqash, Muhammad Nadir; Gokce, Ayhan; Bakhsh, Allah; Salim, MuhammadColorado potato beetle (CPB) is the most devastating insect-pest of potato in America, Asia and Europe. Injudicious use of insecticides for management of this pest has resulted in resistance to all major groups of insecticides. Keeping in view the importance of inducing susceptibility in CPB management, fitness parameters of susceptible CPB population were calculated in comparison with normal field populations. For this purpose, Agria cultivar was used for rearing of Colorado potato beetle under controlled conditions. Susceptible popualtion was raised for more than 3 years before the study. While, field population was collected and F-2 was used for the life table study. The life table study of lab susceptible and field collected population showed that the lab susceptible population had significantly less intrinsic rate, fecundity, survival and other population parameters than the field collected population. The calculated population parameters for the field population were 0.12 day(-1) for the intrinsic rate of increase (r), 1.13 day(-1) for the finite rate of increase (lambda), and 71.07 offsprings/female for the net reproductive rate (R-0), and they were significantly higher than the parameters of lab susceptible population (r = 0.10 day(-1), lambda = 1.10 day(-1) and R-0 = 38.43 offsprings/female). The increased biotic potential of CPB in the field can be attributed to the widespread use of neonicotinoids like imidacloprid. After detailed study, such insecticides, that have tendency to enhance the biotic potential of insect-pests, can be banned for better management of notorious insect-pests like CPB.Öğe Diversity and Management of Plant Viruses Infecting Rice(wiley, 2022) Iqbal, Zafar; Sattar, Muhammad Naeem; Naqqash, Muhammad NadirRice (Oryza sativa L., family Poaceae) is the leading cereal crop that is widely cultivated across the globe. Asia is the largest producer of rice with over 7.05 billion tons production in 2018, followed by the United States (38 million tons [MT]), Africa (33 MT), Europe (4 MT), and Oceania (0.65 MT). While the leading rice-producing countries are China (148.5 million MT) followed by India (116.42 million MT), Indonesia (36.7 million MT), Bangladesh (34.91 MT), and Vietnam (27.77 million MT). Rice supplies 21% of energy and 15% of protein to humans and plays a crucial role in the global food chain. However, rice cultivation is under continuous stress due to several biotic and abiotic constraints. Among the biotic constraints, rice-infecting viruses (RIVs) and their insect vectors cause enormous yield losses to worldwide rice production. RIVs encompass huge genomic diversity and include single-stranded, double-stranded, negative-sense single-stranded, negative-sense double-stranded, positive-sense single-stranded, and ambisense viruses. More than 15 RIVs are known and 10 of these RIVs pose a significant threat to Asian rice production. To sustain the global food security, it is of dire need to curb the RIVs and their insect vectors simultaneously. Several conventional to modern approaches have been employed to sustain the rice production against RIVs. Nonetheless, the contemporary CRISPR-Cas-based approaches and its expanding toolkit can offer unlimited utilities to improve rice yield and control RIVs and their insect vectors via transgene-free genome-editing capabilities. The importance of rice, RIVs, and their control strategies are discussed. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022.Öğe Downregulation of imidacloprid resistant genes alters the biological parameters in Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say (chrysomelidae: Coleoptera)(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2020) Naqqash, Muhammad Nadir; Gokce, Ayhan; Aksoy, Emre; Bakhsh, AllahColorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say (coleoptera: chrysomelidae), is the important pest of potato all over the world. This insect pest is resistant to more than 50 active compounds belonging to various chemical groups. Potential of RNA interference (RNAi) was explored to knock down transcript levels of imidacloprid resistant genes in Colorado potato beetle (CPB) under laboratory conditions. Three important genes belonging to cuticular protein (CP), cytochrome P450 monoxygenases (P450) and glutathione synthetase (GSS) families encoding imidacloprid resistance were targeted. Feeding bioassays were conducted on various stages of imidacloprid resistant CPB lab population by applying HT115 expressing dsRNA on potato leaflets. Survival rate of insects exposed to CP-dsRNA decreased to 4.23%, 1532% and 47.35% in 2nd, 3rd and 4th instar larvae respectively. Larval weight and pre-adult duration were also affected due to dsRNAs feeding. Synergism of RNAi with imidacloprid conducted on the 2nd instar larvae, exhibited 100% mortality of larvae when subjected to reduced doses of GSS and CP dsRNAs along with imidacloprid. Utilization of three different dsRNAs against imidacloprid resistant CPB population reveal that dsRNAs targeting CP, P450 and GSS enzymes could be useful tool in management of imidacloprid resistant CPB populations. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Effects of temperature on baseline susceptibility and stability of insecticide resistance against Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) in the absence of selection pressure(Elsevier, 2020) Jaleel, Waqar; Saeed, Shafqat; Naqqash, Muhammad Nadir; Sial, Muhammad Umair; Ali, Muqarrab; Zaka, Syed Muhammad; Sarwar, Zahid MahmoodPlutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) is an important pest causing significant losses to vegetables worldwide. Insecticides resistance in P. xylostella is a serious issue for scientists since last 30 years. However, deltamethrin and Bt Cry1Ac are commonly used insecticides against P. xylostella but studies involving development of resistance in P. xylostella against these two insecticides at different temperatures are lacking. The current study was aimed to find out the toxicity of deltamethrin and Bt Cry1Ac, and resistance development in P. xylostella. Results showed that the positive correlation between the temperature and toxicities of deltamethrin and Bt Cry1Ac. The results indicated -0.051, -0.049, -0.047, and -0.046 folds of deltamethrin resistance at 15 degrees C, 20 degrees C, 25 degrees C, and 30 degrees C temperatures, respectively from 1st to 12th generations. The toxicity of Bt Cry1Ac after 24 h was 2.2 and 4.8 folds on 1st generation at 20 degrees C and 25 degrees C temperatures, respectively compared to the toxicity recorded at 15 degrees C (non-overlapping of 95% confidence limits). Based on the results of this study, it is concluded that the temperature has a positive correlation with the toxicity of deltamethrin and Bt Cry1Ac against the larvae of P. xylostella. This study suggests that deltamethrin and Bt Cry1Ac can be included in the management program of P. xylostella on many vegetable crops. The baseline susceptibility data might be helpful to understand the resistance mechanisms in P. xylostella. (C) 2019 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University.Öğe Fitness parameters of Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera; Plutellidae) at four constant temperatures by using age-stage, two-sex life tables(Elsevier, 2019) Saeed, Shafqat; Jaleel, Waqar; Naqqash, Muhammad Nadir; Saeed, Qamar; Zaka, Syed Muhammad; Sarwar, Zahid Mahmood; Ishtiaq, MuhammadDifferent temperature zones have significant impact on the population dynamics of Plutella xylostella. Effective management of P. xylostella requires the knowledge of temperature tolerance by different life stages. In the current study, fitness parameters of diamondback moth were reported by using age-stage, two-sex life table traits at four constant temperatures (15, 20, 25 and 30 degrees C). The life cycle of P. xylostella was significantly longer at 15 degrees C. The 20 degrees C level of temperature was found optimal for fecundity, gross reproductive rate (51.74 offspring) and net reproductive rate (44.35 offspring per individual). The adult pre-oviposition period was statistically at par at all four level of temperatures. However, the survival was maximum at 20 degrees C as compared to other three temperature ranges. Based on the current study, it was concluded that temperature has a great role in population build-up of P. xylostella and effective management tactics should be applied to prevent significant damage to cabbage and other cruciferous crops when the temperature in the field is near 20 degrees C. (C) 2018 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University.Öğe Genus Spodoptera (Hadeninae: Noctuidae: Lepidoptera): A New Species from Southern Punjab, Pakistan(Zoological Soc Pakistan, 2021) Sarwar, Zahid Mahmood; Malik, Ayub Iqbal; Suhail, Maryam; Saeed, Shafqat; Sial, Muhammad Umair; Jaleel, Waqar; Naqqash, Muhammad NadirA comprehensive and a comparative taxonomic study of new species of the genus Spodoptera i.e. Spodoptera hirsutus is very similar to the Spodoptera litura but easily distinguish on the basis of different characters of genitalia. Specimens of this genus were identified on the base of their genitalia characters. This new species Spodoptera hirsutus was collected from Muzzafarghar with the help of light traps. The abdomen was dissected for the removal of genitalia and these genitalia were mounted permanently with Hoyer's medium. A key to the species of the genus Spodoptera from Pakistan is also given here. Taxonomic review of Noctuidae becomes superlative and very essential with this contextual the state of Pakistan. This was selected to the taxonomic study of Noctuidae. This research is initiative clue for further description, illustration and classification of unidentified species of the genus Spodoptera from Pakistan.Öğe Heterologous expression of distinct insecticidal genes in potato cultivars encodes resistance against potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)(Springer Heidelberg, 2024) Salim, Muhammad; Bakhsh, Allah; Naqqash, Muhammad Nadir; Gokce, AyhanThe potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller), is a notorious insect pest of potato incurring substantial yield losses in the field as well as in storage. Chemical control is difficult to exercise due to the latent feeding of the caterpillars and their ability to develop resistance against insecticides. One of the essential components of efficient insect-resistant management is using two or more different insecticidal genes in transgenic crops to effectively avoid and delay the resistance development in insect pests. Two constructs, namely DS-1 (cry3A + SN-19 genes) and DS-2 (OCII + SN-19 genes) in pCAMBIA1301 binary vector, were developed and were transformed in potato cultivars (Agria and Lady Olympia) via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The molecular analysis confirmed gene integration and expression of the introduced genes in transgenic plants. The insecticidal effects of incorporated genes in transgenic plants were assessed against 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th instar potato tuber moth (PTM) larvae. The transgenic plants endured significantly high mortalities (100%) of larval stages of PTM within 72 h. Our results show that these transgenic potato plants have the potential to control populations of PTM and are also useful tools in managing PTM that would ultimately reduce the dependency on conventional chemical pesticides with potentially less or minimal hazards. These lines can also serve as an excellent source of germplasm for potato breeding program.Öğe Insecticidal potential of native diatomaceous earth against sitophilus granarius (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)(ResearchersLinks Ltd, 2020) Salim, Muhammad; Gökçe, Ayhan; Naqqash, Muhammad Nadir; Ersoy, OrkunThe granary weevil, Sitophilus granarius is one of the serious pests of cereal crops worldwide. To control this pest, diatomaceous earth (DE) formulation consisted of diatoms, obtained from Nigde Province, Turkey, was tested against adults of the granary weevil, Sitophilus granarius (L.) under laboratory conditions (25±1°C, 60±5% RH). Diatomaceous earth was applied to wheat grain at the rates of 100, 250, 300, 500, 750, 1000, 1500 and 2000 mg/Kg. Adult mortalities were assessed after 7, 14 and 21 days. Mortality rates rose with increases in dosage and length of exposure. Significantly higher mortality (89.75±3.66%) after one week occurred in grains treated with the highest concentration (2000 mg/Kg). At the highest concentration (2000 mg/Kg), the mortality reached as high as 100% after 2 weeks, while the lowest significant percent mortality (1.00±1.00%) was recorded in the control one week after exposure and only increased to 3.53±0.00% after 3 weeks. Percent weight loss in grain was also determined after 21 days. A significantly higher percent weight loss (7.29±0.11%) was found in the control, while no weight loss was observed in grains treated with the highest concentration (2000 mg/Kg). The grains were also observed for adult emergence for a period of 45 days. More than 90% reduction in adult emergence was recorded at concentrations of 1500 and 2000 mg/Kg. Conversely, the highest number of adults emerged at a dosage of 100 mg/Kg and in the control, i.e. 114.67±7.42 and 143.33±11.66 adults, respectively. The present study proposed that DE might potentially be effective in controlling S. granarius based on its ability to cause desiccation to the insects' protective cuticular wax layer. In order to develop environmentally sound control programs for in sito management of granary weevils, it will be necessary to expand the present study based on life table to get a comprehensive understanding and to determine the effect DE has on granary weevils and other grain pests when it is combined with plant extracts. © 2020 ResearchersLinks Ltd.Öğe Insecticide resistance and its molecular basis in urban insect pests(SPRINGER, 2016) Naqqash, Muhammad Nadir; Gokce, Ayhan; Bakhsh, Allah; Salim, MuhammadInsecticide resistance is one of the most important evolutionary phenomena for researchers. Overuse of chemicals has induced resistance in insect pests that ultimately has led to the collapse of disease control programs in many countries. The erroneous and inappropriate management of insect vectors has resulted in dissemination of many vector-borne diseases like dengue, malaria, diarrhea, leishmaniasis, and many others. In most cases, the emergence of new diseases and the revival of old ones can be related with ecological changes that have favored rapid growth of vector densities. Understanding molecular mechanisms in resistant strains can assist in the development of management programs to control the development and spread of resistant insect populations. The dominant, recessive, and co-dominant forms of genes encoding resistance can be investigated, and furthermore, resistance development can be addressed either by the release of susceptible strains or timely insecticide rotation. The present review discusses the resistance level in all important insect vectors of human diseases; the molecular basis of evolvement of resistance has also been discussed.Öğe Insights into the Use of Eco-Friendly Synergists in Resistance Management of Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)(Mdpi, 2022) Ullah, Rana Muhammad Kaleem; Gokce, Ayhan; Bakhsh, Allah; Salim, Muhammad; Wu, Hai Yan; Naqqash, Muhammad NadirSimple Summary The discovery of insecticides requires time and has a high investment cost. However, injudicious use of insecticides has resulted in insect pest resistance and pest resurgence. These factors limit the market life of insecticides. To cope with this problem, synergists working as blockers of detoxification enzymes can provide a unique solution in resistance management. Owing to problems associated with chemical synergists, plant-based and RNAi-based synergists are much safer and easier to develop against insects. In fact, the Colorado potato beetle (CPB) has a unique detoxification mechanism due to its co-evolution with Solanaceous plants. This review is about how synergists can be used to deal with the resistance management of the CPB and will be helpful for researchers devising unique pest management strategies for other insect pests. The Colorado potato beetle (CPB), Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), is the most notorious insect pest of potato globally. Injudicious use of insecticides for management of this pest has resulted in resistance to all major groups of insecticides along with many human, animal health, and environmental concerns. Additionally, the input cost of insecticide development/discovery is markedly increasing because each year thousands of chemicals are produced and tested for their insecticidal properties, requiring billions of dollars. For the management of resistance in insect pests, synergists can play a pivotal role by reducing the application dose of most insecticides. These eco-friendly synergists can be classified into two types: plant-based synergists and RNAi-based synergists. The use of plant-based and RNAi-based synergists in resistance management of insect pests can give promising results with lesser environmental side effects. This review summarizes the resistance status of CPB and discusses the potential advantage of plant-based and RNAi-based synergists for CPB resistance management. It will motivate researchers to further investigate the techniques of using plant- and RNAi-based synergists in combination with insecticides.Öğe The effect of blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) on the size and weight of mangos (Mangifera indica L.)(PEERJ INC, 2016) Saeed, Shafqat; Naqqash, Muhammad Nadir; Jaleel, Waqar; Saeed, Qamar; Ghouri, FoziaBackground: Pollination has a great effect on the yield of fruit trees. Blow flies are considered as an effective pollinator compared to hand pollination in fruit orchards. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the effect of different pollination methods in mango orchards. Methodology: The impact of pollination on quantity and quality of mango yield by blow flies was estimated by using three treatments, i.e., open pollinated trees, trees were covered by a net in the presence of blow flies for pollination, and trees were covered with a net but without insects. Results: The maximum number of flowers was recorded in irregular types of inflorescence, i.e., 434.80 flowers/inflorescence. Fruit setting (bud) was higher in open pollinated mango trees (i.e. 37.00/inflorescence) than enclosed pollination by blow flies (i.e. 22.34/inflorescence). The size of the mango fruit was the highest (5.06 mm) in open pollinated tree than those pollinated by blow flies (3.93 mm) and followed by without any pollinator (3.18 mm) at marble stage. We found that the maximum weight of mango fruit (201.19 g) was in open pollinated trees. Discussion: The results demonstrated that blow flies can be used as effective mango pollinators along with other flies and bees. The blow flies have shown a positive impact on the quality and quantity of mango. This study will be helpful in future and also applicable at farm level to use blow flies as pollinators that are cheap and easy to rear.Öğe Toxicological Studies on Some Important Chemicals Against Dysdercus koenigii Fabr (Hemiptera: Pyrrhocoridae)(ZOOLOGICAL SOC PAKISTAN, 2016) Saeed, Shafqat; Naqqash, Muhammad Nadir; Jaleel, WaqarCotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is life blood for the economy of Pakistan. Pakistan is the fourth largest cotton producer in the world. Yield of cotton in Pakistan is lesser as compared to international standard, due to attack of insect pests and diseases. Due to large scale adoption of Bt cotton, bollworms are not a major problem however attack of sucking pests have increased. Among the sucking pests, red cotton bug (Dysdercus koenigii Fabr) is an emerging pest, so there is urgent need of devising its control strategies so since from last 10 years its big stainer problem in Pakistan. Chemical control is adapted by approximately all farmers for about all types of pests in Pakistan. Seed dip method was used for the evaluation of toxicity of lufenuron (050 EC), chlorfenpyr (360 SC), deltamethrin (10 EC) and chlorpyrifos (40 EC) against 4th and 5th instar of D. koenigii after rearing in the laboratory. Susceptibility decreases in later instars i.e. with increase in vigor. Order of toxicity was chlorpyrifos>deltamethrin>lufenuron>chlorfenpyr. As the chlorpyrifos is a broad spectrum insecticide and is effective against a variety of insect-pests so it gave the best results in laboratory. Integrated pest management strategies include all the available control methods in a compatible manner to control a particular pest so only chemical control should not be focused and IPM strategies should be devised for the control of D. koenigii.Öğe Toxicological studies on some important chemicals against dysdercus koenigii fabr (hemiptera: Pyrrhocoridae)(University of Punjab (new Campus), 2016) Saeed, Shafqat; Naqqash, Muhammad Nadir; Jaleel, WaqarCotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is life blood for the economy of Pakistan. Pakistan is the fourth largest cotton producer in the world. Yield of cotton in Pakistan is lesser as compared to international standard, due to attack of insect pests and diseases. Due to large scale adoption of Bt cotton, bollworms are not a major problem however attack of sucking pests have increased. Among the sucking pests, red cotton bug (Dysdercus koenigii Fabr) is an emerging pest, so there is urgent need of devising its control strategies so since from last 10 years its big stainer problem in Pakistan. Chemical control is adapted by approximately all farmers for about all types of pests in Pakistan. Seed dip method was used for the evaluation of toxicity of lufenuron (050 EC), chlorfenpyr (360 SC), deltamethrin (10 EC) and chlorpyrifos (40 EC) against 4th and 5th instar of D. koenigii after rearing in the laboratory. Susceptibility decreases in later instars i.e. with increase in vigor. Order of toxicity was chlorpyrifos>deltamethrin>lufenuron>chlorfenpyr. As the chlorpyrifos is a broad spectrum insecticide and is effective against a variety of insect-pests so it gave the best results in laboratory. Integrated pest management strategies include all the available control methods in a compatible manner to control a particular pest so only chemical control should not be focused and IPM strategies should be devised for the control of D. koenigii. © Copyright 2016 Zoological Society of Pakistan.Öğe Use of gene silencing techniques in control of Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Chrysomelidae:Coleoptera)(Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi / Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2019) Naqqash, Muhammad Nadir; Gökçe, AyhanImidaclopride dirençli patates böceği popülasyonunun kontrolünde RNA interferans (RNAi) tekniğinin kullanılma imkânı laboratuar koşullarında araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla, imidaclopride direnç sağlayan kütikülar protein (CP), sitokrom P450 monoosksigenaz (P450) ve glutatyon sentetata (GSS) genlerinin susturulması hedeflenmiştir. Çalışmada farklı seleksiyon baskısı altında olan iki farklı popülâsyonun doğal artış oranı (r), üreme gücü sınırı(?), net üreme gücü (R0) Age-stage, two-sex life table programı ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Tarla popülâsyonun r, ?, R0 parametreleri 0.12 gün-1, 1.13 gün-1, 71.07 döl/dişi olarak hesaplanmış bu değerler hassas laboratuar popülâsyonu için hesaplanan 0.10 gün-1, 1.10 gün-1 ve 38.43 döl/dişi önemli derecede büyük bulunmuştur. dsRNA'ın imidaclopride dirençli patates böceğindeki etkisi beslenme denemeleri ile araştırılmıştır. CP-dsRNA uygulanmış yapraklarla beslenen 1. 2. ve 3. dönem larvalarda yüksek oranda ölümlere neden omuştur. Buna benzer şekilde 2. 3. ve 4. dönem larvalarının canlı kalma oranlarını, ağırlık artış miktarlarını ve gelişim sürelerinide etkilediği sağtanmıştır. dsRNA'ların imidacloprid ile sinerjist etki gösterdiği ve dirençli populasyonda ölüm oranını %100 kadar artırdığı gözlenmiştir. Bu sonuçlar, CP, P450 ve GSS enzimlerini hedefleyen dsRNA imidaclopride dirençli patates böceği popülâsyonlarının kontrolünde kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir.
