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    OPTIMIZATION OF CITRIC ACID PRODUCTION BY USING ASPERGILLUS NIGER ON CITRUS WASTE HYDROLYSATE IN COLUMN BIOREACTOR
    (Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2017) Deveci, Ece Ummu; Ozyurt, Mustafa
    Agro-industrial wastes such as fruit and vegetable peel constitute a major percentage in the content of wastewater and landfill. For this reason, investigating the conversion of value added products is very crucial. Citrus peel, which is an agro-industrial waste from citrus-processing industry (fruit slice and citrus juice), has a high potential in Turkey. The aim of this study is to demonstrate an alternative substrate combination for the fermentative production of citric acid and decrease the waste generation. In this study, the citrus peel used is obtained from citrus wastes cultivated at the Mediterranean Area of Turkey. Orange peel was derived from Washington navel orange (Citrus sinensis) type. Asp er gillus niger was used as a microorganism, and the hydrolysate obtained from orange residue and molasses were processed with pretreatment as substrates. Optimization was carried out in an aerobic column bio-reactor work-ing in a batch system. After citrus waste was hydrolysed with diluted acid and auto-clave obtain-ed, the hydrolysate had 85 g/L of total sugar concentration. The effects of process parameters such as aeration rate (vvm), initial pH, initial subs-trate concentrations (g/L), methanol ratio (w/v) and inoculum size (w/v) were analyzed and optimized. Within the optimum condition for the maximum production of citric acid, the amounts of the contents were: aeration rate-1 vvm, pH-6.0, substrate-140 g/L, methanol - 4%, inoculum - 3%. The production efficiency of citric acid was calcu-lated as 41.86%. These results, which demons-trate the viability of the citric acid production by column bioreactor from orange peel, could be of interest to possible future industrial applications.