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    Detection of 'Candidatus Phytoplasma mali' and 'Candidatus Phytoplasma pronotum' in Apple Trees
    (Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Univ Rektorlugu, 2024) Meral, Harun; Ekemen, Muhammet; Ulubas-Serce, Cigdem
    The apple orchards in Ni & gbreve;de, Turkiye were surveyed for 'Candidatus Phytoplasma mali' associated with apple proliferation disease, and the suspicious samples were tested by PCR-RFLP methods. A comprehensive study was conducted which included sampling from a total of 19 orchards from four different districts. The samples were collected according to the major symptoms of phytoplasma disease which were foliar reddening, witches' brooms, leaf rosettes, yellowing, longer peduncles and development of undersized fruits. It was determined that six out of 62 plant samples were infected with phytoplasma. Also, two out of six infected samples were determined as infected by 'Ca. P. mali' and unexpectedly four out of six infected samples were determined as infected disease. Even if the incidence of the disease (9.7%) was low, the characterized phytoplasmas were considered a significant potential threat for these locations.
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    Transmission of grapevine Roditis leaf discolouration-associated virus by the vine mealybug, Planococcus ficus (Signoret) in Turkey
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2024) Ulubas-Serce, Cigdem; Ekemen, Muhammet; Kaydan, Mehmet Bora
    Grapevine Roditis leaf discolouration-associated virus (GRLDaV) is from Badnavirus decoloratiovitis species, which is a member of the genus Badnavirus, associated with Roditis leaf discolouration disease. Although mealybug transmission of GRLDaV by Planococcus ficus has been demonstrated elsewhere, its role in the transmission has not been shown in different grapevine varieties, isolates, acquisition periods (AP) and inoculation periods (IP). Individiual P. ficus was collected from a vineyard in Adana, Turkey and used for insect culture establishment for the transmission studies. Virus transmission experiments to the Vitis vinifera cv. Yalova Incisi via P. ficus was carried out using a local GRLDaV isolate by applying AP-IP for 24 , 48 h or 72 h. The virus was transmitted by P. ficus in all AP-IP trials (100%, 60%, and 20% of recipient vines infected after 24 , 48 h, and 72 h, respectively). GRLDaV was first detected in the recipient grapevines four weeks after transmission. The results showed that P. ficus transmitted GRLDaV in a semipersistent manner. All the virus infected vines in the experiment showed initial leaf symptoms of yellow vein banding and/or discolouration, followed by yellow and/or reddish discolouration of the leaves in late summer, as observed in GRLDaV-infected vines in the field.