Yazar "Yalcin, O." seçeneğine göre listele
Listeleniyor 1 - 20 / 28
Sayfa Başına Sonuç
Sıralama seçenekleri
Öğe A comparison of the magnetic properties of Ni and Co nanowires deposited in different templates and on different substrates(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2015) Yalcin, O.; Kartopu, G.; Cetin, H.; Demiray, A. S.; Kazan, S.Nickel (Ni) and cobalt (Co) nanowire arrays (NWs) grown by electrode position in porous nano-templates are studied by the ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) technique at room temperature (RT) by comparing the effects of template type (alumina and polycarbonate) and the deposition substrate (i.e., metallic back contact). The line-width and resonance field of the FMR spectra strongly depends on the orientation of the applied field direction. A model is developed to analyze the spectra in order to extract the magnetic parameters such as g-values, spin-spin relaxation times (T-2) and uniaxial an isotropy parameters. The experimental FMR spectra and their resonance field values were fitted using the imaginary part of magnetic susceptibility and a dispersion relation of magnetization, including the Bloch-Bloembergen type damping term. The easy axes of magnetization for all Ni and Co NWs were found to be perpendicular to the wire-axis. Surface spin modes have been observed only when pure Au was used as substrate. A discussion will be provided to explain the observed differences in terms of the anisotropic behavior and magnetic parameters of the NWs for different substrates and growth templates. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Analysis of electromagnetic properties of Ce-Zn substituted barium hexaferrite for electronic circuit applications(Elsevier, 2022) Okutan, M.; Ozturk, M.; Kirsoy, A.; Araz, I; Yener, T.; Yalcin, O.Electromagnetic properties of Ce-Zn substituted barium hexaferrite (Ba0.5Ce0.5ZnFe11O19 ferrite) synthesized using ceramic technique were analyzed in detail in the X band frequencies to describe its response to microwave absorber and microwave electronic device applications. The phase formations, structural morphology, polarization mechanisms and magnetic properties for Ba0.5Ce0.5ZnFe11O19 ferrite, which provide important information about electrical load transmission mechanism were analyzed using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, two-port vector network analyser and vibrating sample magnetometer techniques, respectively. The experimental complex dielectric plane plots (Cole-Cole plots) of the Ba0.5Ce0.5ZnFe11O19 ferrite represent an equivalent RC circuit corresponding to the impedance circuit in the Smith Chart. The reflection loss increased to the highest value (-17.04 dB) depending on the amount of Ce in the structure of the Ba0.5Ce0.5ZnFe11O19 ferrite and the bandwidth, which is important for microwave absorbers, increases.Öğe Analysis of the effect of low dye concentration for electrical system applications of reactive red 45 dye loaded hydrogels(Elsevier, 2022) Ozturk, M.; Coskun, R.; Okutan, M.; Yalcin, O.; Kirsoy, A.Structural, optical and dielectric properties determining the conduction mechanism were investigated using appropriate measurement techniques to determine the suitability of low-concentrations (LC) (1000 mu L, 500 mu L, 250 mu L and 125 mu L) reactive red 45 (RR-45) dye loaded hydrogels for electrical circuit applications. The UV spectra of the all samples displayed a fluctuating behaviour depending on the concentration. It was found that the dielectric plane plots for all the samples are compatible with the Cole-Cole relaxation model and correspond to an equivalent electrical circuit (RC) representing with the impedance circuit in the Smith Chart. It was concluded that RR-45 dye loaded hydrogels could be a suitable material for electrodes used in electroenceph-alography and electrocardiography systems due to the decrease of the real part of complex dielectric constant and impedance values with increasing frequency. The s-parameter for the samples, which determines the con-ductivity mechanism, was calculated separately for different regions.Öğe Comparison Effects and Dielectric Properties of Different Dose Methylene-Blue-Doped Hydrogels(AMER CHEMICAL SOC, 2013) Yalcin, O.; Coskun, R.; Okutan, M.; Ozturk, M.The dielectric properties of methylene blue (MB)-doped hydrogels were investigated by impedance spectroscopy. The real part (epsilon') and the imaginary part (epsilon '') of the complex dielectric constant and the energy loss tangent/dissipation factor (tan delta) were measured in the frequency range of 10 Hz to 100 MHz at room temperature for pH 5.5 value. Frequency variations of the resistance, the reactance, and the impedance of the samples have also been investigated. The dielectric permittivity of the MB-doped hydrogels is sensitive to ionic conduction and electrode polarization in low frequency. Furthermore, the dielectric behavior in high-frequency parts was attributed to the Brownian motion of the hydrogen bonds. The ionic conduction for MB-doped samples was prevented for Cole-Cole plots, while the Cole-Cole plots for pure sample show equivalent electrical circuit. The alternative current (ac) conductivity increases with the increasing MB concentration and the frequency.Öğe Comparison effects and electron spin resonance studies of alpha-Fe2O4 spinel type ferrite nanoparticles(PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2014) Bayrakdar, H.; Yalcin, O.; Cengiz, U.; Ozum, S.; Anigi, E.; Topel, O.alpha-Fe2O4 spinel type ferrite nanoparticles have been synthesized by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) assisted hydrothermal route by using NaOH solution. Electron spin resonance (ESR/EPR) measurements of alpha-Fe2O4 nanoparticles have been performed by a conventional x-band spectrometer at room temperature. The comparison effect of nanoparticles prepared by using CTAB and EDTA in different alpha-doping on the structural and morphological properties have been investigated in detail. The effect of EDTA-assisted synthesis for alpha-Fe2O4 nanoparticles are refined, and thus the spectroscopic g-factor are detected by using ESR signals. These samples can be considered as great benefits for magnetic recording media, electromagnetic and drug delivery applications. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Determination of the effects of the production process for the calcite doped hydrogels on electronic circuit applications(Elsevier, 2021) Yalcin, O.; Ozturk, M.; Okutan, M.; CoSkun, R.; Oncan, M.The effects of the production process on the dielectric, optical, conductivity, structural and morphological properties of calcite doped hydrogels were investigated in this study. For this purpose, the X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, non-destructive energy dispersive X-ray, dielectric and UV-Vis spectroscopy of Calcite I and Calcite II samples synthesized by different production processes were performed in the special ranges. The dielectric characteristic of the both samples were found to behave in compatible with the MaxwellWagner theory associated with the electrode and interface polarization in the low frequency region. In the high frequency region, it was determined that the effect of the Koop's theory and the Brownian motion on the conductivity mechanism of calcite I and calcite II. It was found that the calcite II sample with high capacitive property had high conductivity values in the entire frequency range. It was observed that the Log sigma ac values defined by the Correlated Barrier Hoping mechanism and the Super Linear Power Law conductivity mechanisms of the Calcite II sample with high capacitive properties was taken high in the entire frequency range. The quantum confinement and the Fermi-Dirac dispersion effects of the calcite molecules were thought to have an effect on the determination of the optical energy gaps (Eg) of samples. It was determined that the plane plots of the complex electric modulus for the Calcite I and Calcite II samples, which were compatible with the DavidsonCole and the Havriliak-Negami relaxation models, respectively, corresponded to different equivalent RC circuits. Based on these results, it was found that the production process of the calcite-doped hydrogels is extremely important on the electronic circuit applications.Öğe Dielectric properties of Rhodamine-B and metal doped hydrogels(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2015) Okutan, M.; Coskun, R.; Ozturk, M.; Yalcin, O.The electric and dielectric properties of Rhodamine-B (RB) and metal ions (Ag+, Co2+, Cr3+, Mn2+ and Ni2+) doped hydrogels have been analyzed in an extended frequency range by impedance spectroscopy. The RB doped hydrogels has been found to be sensitive to ionic conduction and electrode polarization according to the metal doped hydrogels. We have shown that the ionic conductive of RB doped hydrogels is originated from the free ions motion within the doped hydrogels at high frequency. We have also Laken into account the Cl- and N+ ions in the structure of RB provide additional ionic contribution to RB doped hydrogels. (C) 2014 Elsevier By. All rights reserved.Öğe Effect of different doping on the structural, morphological and magnetic properties for Cu doped nanoscale spinel type ferrites(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2013) Bayrakdar, H.; Yalcin, O.; Vural, S.; Esmer, K.CuxM1-xFe2O4 (M=Co, Mn and Ni; x=0.0, 0.6 and 1.0) spinel type ferrite nanoparticles have been synthesized by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) assisted hydrothermal route using NaOH solution. The purity, structural characterization and magnetic properties have been investigated using the scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction analysis and a quantum design vibrating sample magnetometer depending on the temperature. The scanning electron microscopy imaging exhibits very powerful aspect. The average size of composite nanoparticles for all samples was determined. Diameter of the samples is synthesized in nanoscale. The x-ray diffraction results have indicated that these samples are high phase purity, crystalline and inverse spinel ferrites. The temperature evolution of the magnetic properties and different doping effects for the samples have been observed. The pseudo spin-valve behavior has been showed for Cu0.6Co0.4Fe2O4 and CoFe2O4 samples. These samples can be considered as promising materials for magnetic recording media and electromagnetic absorbing technologies applications. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Electric and Magnetic Properties of Hydrogels Doped with Cu Ions(POLISH ACAD SCIENCES INST PHYSICS, 2012) Coskun, R.; Okutan, M.; Yalcin, O.; Kosemen, A.The electric and magnetic properties of Cu doped and pure/undoped hydrogels were investigated by impedance spectroscopy and electron spin resonance techniques, respectively. The capacitance and dissipation factor (tan delta) were measured in the frequency range of 100 Hz-10 MHz at room temperature. The Cole-Cole plots for the Cu doped dry and pure dry hydrogels have been used to describe the characteristic change of electrical properties in mentioned temperature interval. The comparison between Cu ions doped and pure/undoped samples is done using the impedance spectroscopy and the electron spin resonance techniques. Electron spin resonance signal for pure, Cu doped wet and Cu doped dry samples are not any power absorption signal, near the symmetric with respect to the resonance field values according to the dry sample and asymmetric for resonance field/base line, respectively.Öğe Equivalent circuit properties of organic food extracts doped hydrogels and their applications in bioelectronics(Elsevier, 2021) Okutan, M.; Coskun, R.; Ozturk, M.; Yalcin, O.; Toker, C.Dielectric/electrical properties of organic food extracts doped hydrogels, which can be envisaged to lead the technology applications of biosensors, bio-imaging and wireless biological sensing schemes in bioelectronic circuits, were analysed at room temperature by means of impedance spectroscopy. Electrode and interfacial polarization mechanisms were determined to be dominant on the dielectric properties of pure and organic food extracts doped hydrogels in the low frequency region. Dielectric relaxation, viscoelastic mechanism, Brownian motion of food extract molecules and Maxwell-Wagner approach were used to explain the dielectric properties of the samples in the high frequency region. It was determined that the dielectric plane plots that provide information about the transmission mechanism of all samples are compatible with the Cole-Cole relaxation models. The conductivity characteristics of the all samples depending on the s parameter/power law exponent were explained for the three different regions by dc conductivity, the Correlated Barrier Hoping conductivity and Quantum Mechanical Tunnel conductivity models, respectively. From the experimental results obtained in this study, it was concluded that organic food extracts doped hydrogels are an inspirational material for applications such as biosensors, bio imaging and wireless bio-sensing device that can be used in bio-systems. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Evaluation of the effect of dose change of Fe3O4 nanoparticles on electrochemical biosensor compatibility using hydrogels as an experimental living organism model(Elsevier, 2021) Ozturk, M.; Okutan, M.; Coskun, R.; Colak, B.; Yalcin, O.Morphological, structural, optical and dielectric properties, which provide important information about the technological applications of pure and different dose (2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5% and 10.0%) Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) doped hydrogels were analyzed in detail in this study. The complex dielectric parameters of all the samples are related to the electrode/interface polarization (grain boundary), dielectric relaxation and grain effects in accordance with the Maxwell-Wagner theory and Brownian motion in the broadband frequency regions. Experimental plane plots of the complex electrical modulus for all the samples are explained by the Havriliak and Negami relaxation model represented by two relaxation times (alpha and gamma) associated with resistances created by grain boundary (alpha) and grain (gamma). In the high frequency region, complex electrical modulus plane plots of all the samples were compatible with the Cole-Cole relaxation model corresponding to the equivalent electrical circuit (RC) in the Smith Chart diagram. Koop's theory and electron hopping mechanism formed between Fe3+ and Fe2+ ions in the octahedral lattice are effective on the electrical conductivity values of the samples. As the molarity of Fe3O4 NPs increased, the logarithmic conductivity values of all samples, which a function of the angular frequency and defined by the Jonscher Power Law, Nearly Constant Loss and Super Linear Power Law conductivity mechanisms, were generally increased. From the experimental results, it was concluded that the hydrogels with high doses of Fe3O4 NPs can be used as an electrochemical biosensor in bio-systems since it has the high dielectric, capacitance, low impedance and conductivity values. (c) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Exact Analysis of Free Energy Surfaces for the Spin-1 Mean-Field Ising Model in the Microcanonical Formalism Using Gamma Function(World Scientific Publ Co Pte Ltd, 2018) Erdem, R.; Yalcin, O.Exact free energy values of the spin-1 mean-field Ising model for finite systems that consist of N particles have been calculated in the microcanonical formalism which uses the gamma function. We have constructed the contour maps of the free energy surfaces in the phase space of dipolar (M) and quadrupolar (Q) order parameters for various values of N. From these maps, stable, metastable and unstable states are seen explicitly. We have analyzed these states in comparison with the free energy values obtained by using the approximated expression for the entropy using the Stirling approximation to deal with factorials. Moreover, the relative error between our exact values and the approximate one using the Stirling formula has been calculated and displayed as the contour map in the M - Q phase space.Öğe Experimental model to describe the dielectric response of different dye and nanoparticles doped hydrogels for biological cell membranes and biological systems(Elsevier, 2019) Coskun, R.; Okutan, M.; Ozturk, M.; Yalcin, O.Doped hydrogels with Methylene-Blue (MB), Rhodamine-B (RB), MB/RB dyes and NiFe2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) were developed as an experimental model to describe the dielectric/electric response of lipid matrix in biological cell membranes and biological systems. Hydrogels synthesized by polymerization technique are highly suitable for three-dimensional cell models due to biocompatible structure. Frequency and bias voltage evolution of dielectric and electrical parameters for all samples have been characterized by the impedance spectroscopy at room temperature (RT). Absorbance spectrum and energy band gap for all samples have been analyzed with UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. The frequency and applied bias voltage dependence of experimental dielectric/electric properties for all samples were attributed to the basis of Kroop's theory, Maxwell-Wagner approach, viscoelastic mechanism and the micro Brownian motion of free ions. It was obtained that the absorbance spectrum values for all samples are associated with Lambert-Beer-Bouguer's law and innervation of the dipolar oscillations/quadrupoles of dye and NPs ions. The smallest and highest values of the absorption spectra were recorded for MB/RB dye and NiFe2O4 NPs doped hydrogels with respectively. Results from the complex impedance based Cole-Cole plots and their Smith Chart adaptation showed that MB/RB dye doped hydrogels has the largest semi-circle due to it has the highest relaxation times and the smallest absorption coefficient. The NiFe2O4 NPs doped hydrogels with the highest absorption value were found to be the most suitable samples for optoelectronic applications in the biological cell membranes. The MB/RB dye doped hydrogels were concluded to be the most suitable material for impedance applications due to have the greatest relaxation time in the Cole-Cole plots. It determined that all of all samples except RB doped hydrogels are exhibited Ohmic behaviour from the I-V characteristic analysis. The conductivity properties (from the power law exponent) in 1th region, the 2nd region and the 3rd region for dyes/NiFe2O4 NPs doped hydrogels were associated with the dc conductivity, the Correlated Barrier Hoping (CBH)/Quantum Mechanical Tunnel (QMT) conductivity and the Correlated Barrier Hoping model with respectively. It is concluded that RB dye doped hydrogels can be used as a model for biomedical devices and drug delivery system applications, because they have the highest dielectric and superior conductivity properties. Also, different cationic dyes and NiFe2O4 NPs doped hydrogels were found exciting in applications such as low-cost bio-flexible sensors, green electronics and health monitors that have in low-voltage-operating. (C) 2019 Published by Elsevier B.V.Öğe Ferromagnetism of Nanosized Bilayer on Square Lattice Within Ising Model: Static and Dynamic Aspects with Size Effects Using Pair Approximation(Polish Acad Sciences Inst Physics, 2021) Gorguluer, O.; Yalcin, O.; Erdem, R.In this study, the pair approximation in the Kikuchi version is applied to study ferromagnetism of a nanosized bilayer system on a square lattice using the Ising model. Each layer is divided into the core, core-surface and surface parts as introduced for the monolayers by Ozum et al. (2015). Temperature, magnetic field and interlayer exchange energy variations of the long- and short-range order parameters are investigated. Some second-order phase transitions between ferromagnetic and paramagnetic phases with size effects are observed. By using the path probability method, the flow of the system towards some stable equilibrium states in the ferromagnetic phase is obtained via relaxation curves and flow diagrams. The results of the numerical calculations are in a fairly good agreement with the available theoretical works of other authors.Öğe Impedance properties and comparison effects of different dose safranin doped hydrogels(Elsevier, 2017) Coskun, R.; Yalcin, O.; Okutan, M.; Ozturk, M.Frequency evolution of dielectric characteristics of different dose safranin (SR) doped hydrogels was studied by impedance spectroscopy (IS) at room temperature (RT). Real and imaginary parts of complex dielectric constant, impedance, electric modulus and conductivity of SR doped hydrogels were analyzed in the frequency range of 100 Hz to 40 MHz for pH 5.0 value. Phase angle, capacitance, surface resistivity, tangent factor (tan 8) for all samples were recorded with the same frequency range. Surface and bulk polarization effects wete donlinant on impedance at low and high frequency regime, respectively. Fluctuation effect of SR doped hydrogels was observed from the dielectric measurements. Tutorial of radio frequency, RF, impedance matching were realized by using the Smith chart. The coulomb interaction between SR-cations and hydrogels may be anticipated to enhance the organic electrical performance. The potential applications of SR doped hydrogels were presented to microbial fuel cells. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Investigation of Optical and Flow Properties of Avocados by Spectroscopy and Rheology Methods(Polish Acad Sciences Inst Physics, 2022) Yalcin, O.; Ozturk, M.; Gorguluer, O.Structural, optical and rheological properties of pulp and seed extracts of three different avocado cultivars were analyzed using spectroscopy and rheology techniques at room temperature. Ultraviolet spectra and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy signals for the pulp and avocado seed extracts were recorded in the wavelength range 190-600 nm and the wave number range 4200-400 cm, respectively. The flow behaviours for all avocado pulp and seed samples were also analysed in the shear rate range of 10(-2) - 10(2) s(-1) and in the frequency range of 10(-1) - 10(3) rad/s, respectively. The ultraviolet spectra of all the samples were observed as two peaks around 210 and 290 nm. The optical energy band gaps for all samples were found to be consistent with Planck's radiation approach.Öğe Investigation of the dielectric and optic properties of rosehip seed extract loaded hydrogels(Elsevier, 2023) Okutan, M.; Coskun, R.; Yalcin, O.; Babucoglu, A. C.; Demir, A.Rosehip seed (RS) extract-loaded hydrogel samples RS1 (poly(AMPS-co-MBAAm), RS2 (poly(AMPS-co - CrA-co -MBAAm)), RS3 (poly(AMPS -co -MAA -co -MBAAm)) and RS4 (poly(AMPS-co -IA - co-MBAAm)) were prepared to examine their structural and optical properties. Furthermore, frequency and bias voltage evolution of dielectric and electrical parameters were analyzed using impedance spec-troscopy (IS) for all samples at room temperature (RT). Fluctuating and self-consistent results were ob-tained in the Ultraviolet-visible (UV) spectrum of the samples. The conductivity mechanisms were de-termined by calculating the s parameters of all samples for different regions. The complex impedance, capacitance, phase angles, dielectric constant, tangent factor, electric modulus, and frequency variation of ionic conductivity for the rosehip seed loaded hydrogel were successfully analyzed in detail using IS in the broadband frequency range. The increase in ionic conductivity of the RS-doped hydrogel with in-creasing frequency was attributed to its ability to exhibit the Langevin equivalent of Brownian motion in viscoelastic fluids, surface/bulk Maxwellian stress relaxation behavior, and the validity of the Stokes -Einstein relationship in biological fluids. In particular, the capacitive effect observed as a result of the Cole-Cole diagrams of the dielectric constant adapting to Smith Chat and the equivalent RC circuit al-lowed the material to be used as a capacitor. (c) 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Investigation of the traditional organic vinegars by UV-VIS spectroscopy and rheology techniques(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2021) Yalcin, O.; Tekgunduz, C.; Ozturk, M.; Tekgunduz, E.Optical, rheological and metabolic properties of the apple, hawthorn, artichoke, grape, rosehip and blackberry organic vinegar produced by deep culture method (handmade traditional method) were analysed using UV-Vis spectroscopy and rheology techniques. Flow behaviours for all samples were analysed in the shear rate range of 10(-3) to 10(3) 1/s and in frequency range of 10(-3) to 10(3) rad/s, respectively. Absorption spectra for six organic vinegars was observed two peaks around 215 and 285 nm due to the presence of phenolic compounds and organic acids such as acetic. The effects of optical transitions of organic molecules on the absorption coefficient values for vinegars were determined. Optical energy band gaps of all samples were found to be consistent with Planck's radiation approach known as Rayleigh-Jeans law and Tauc law. The rheological/flow properties of the all vinegars were found to be relevant with non-Newtonian flow behaviour and Ostwald-de Waele model. From the results of optical and rheological analysis, which determines the quantity and quality characteristics of all organic vinegars, it was concluded that these vinegars are in a level that people can drink easily. (c) 2020 Published by Elsevier B.V.Öğe Martensitic and austenitic transformations in core-surface cubic nanoparticles(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2015) Ozum, S.; Yalcin, O.; Erdem, R.; Bayrakdar, H.; Eker, H. N.As a continuation of our recently published work, we have used the pair approximation in Kikuchi version to investigate martensitic and austenitic transformations in homogeneous (HM) and composite (CM) cubic nanoparticles (CNPs) based on the Blume-Emery-Griffiths model. A single cubic nanoparticle made of a core surrounded by a surface is considered as shaped in two dimensional (2D) square arrays instead of hexagonal array. From the phase diagrams of HM and CM-CNPs it has been observed that the martensitic-austenitic transformations (MT-AT) occurred. The influence of the exchange coupling and single-ion anisotropy parameters in the model Hamiltonian on the MT-AT is studied and analyzed in comparison with the results for hexagonal nanoparticles. Significant changes of the phase transition points and hysteresis behaviours depending upon the particle structure have been discussed. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe ?-MnO2 nanorods investigation of dielectric properties for electronic applications(Elsevier, 2021) Okutan, M.; Dogan, N.; ozturk, M.; Yalcin, O.In this study, beta-MnO2 nanorods (NRs) were produced by hydrothermal method to describe the dielectric response of electronics and human health monitor applications. The structural properties of synthesized beta-MnO2 NRs were identified using X-ray diffraction. Frequency variation of dielectric properties for beta-MnO2 NRs was characterized by impedance spectroscopy technique. The frequency evolution of the dielectric properties for sample is associated with electrode polarization in the low frequency region. Transmission properties of beta-MnO2 NRs were attributed to Kroop's theory, Maxwell-Wagner approach, viscoelastic mechanism and Brownian motion in the high frequency regime. The complex electric modulus based on Cole-Cole plots associated with equivalent RC circuit and their adapted to the Smith-Chart diagram is investigated for beta-MnO 2 NRs in detail. Absorption coefficient (alpha) and relaxation times (tau) values for the sample were recorded 0.21 and 5.1766 x10(-5) in succession. Frequency exponent (s), which is a characteristic of conductivity, was found to be compatible with the Correlated Barrier Hoping conductivity model for beta-MnO2 NRs. (C) 2021 Published by Elsevier B.V.
