Investigation of the Effect of Farnesol on Biofilm Formation by Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis Complex Isolates

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dc.contributor.authorErdal, Berna
dc.contributor.authorBaylan, Bensu
dc.contributor.authorBatar, Bahadir
dc.contributor.authorOzturk, Ali
dc.contributor.authorTopcu, Birol
dc.date.accessioned2024-11-07T13:32:19Z
dc.date.available2024-11-07T13:32:19Z
dc.date.issued2024
dc.departmentNiğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractThe incidence of infections caused by Candida species has significantly increased over the past three decades. Candida albicans is commonly recognized as the primary causative agent in cases of candidiasis; however, non-albicans Candida species, including Candida parapsilosis, are also frequently defined as pathogens. Treatment -resistant infections arise as a result of biofilm formation, which is one of the effective mechanisms in the pathogenesis of Candida infections. However, the mechanisms of action of farnesol, a quorum sensing (QS) system molecule, on biofilm formation by Candida species remain unclear. This study aimed to demonstrate the changes in the biofilm biomass of C.albicans and C.parapsilosis complex isolates in the presence of farnesol and reveal the expression of the EFG1 and BCR1 genes, which are believed to play a role in the production of QS molecules, using quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis. C.albicans (n= 91) and C.parapsilosis complex (n= 29) isolates obtained from different clinical samples were included in the study. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of farnesol were determined using the broth microdilution method according to the M27 -A3 protocol of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). The biofilm biomass of the isolates was examined without farnesol and at the MIC-0 and MIC-2 concentrations of farnesol. Changes in the expression of the biofilm-associated EFG1 and BCR1 genes were investigated using qRT-PCR. According to the results of the study, the MIC values of farnesol were detected in the range of 1-2 mM in 82.4% (n= 75) of the C.albicans isolates and in the range of 0.5-1 mM in 72.4% (n= 21) of the C.parapsilosis complex isolates. Of the C.albicans isolates, 27 (29.7%) exhibited a strong biofilm formation and 58 (63.7%) demonstrated a weaker biofilm formation, while these rates were 34.4% (n= 10) and 62.1% (n= 18), respectively, for the C.parapsilosis complex isolates. At the MIC-0 and MIC-2 concentrations, farnesol was observed to reduce biofilm biomass among C.albicans (n= 24, 88.9%) and C.parapsilosis complex (n= 8, 80.0%) isolates that formed strong biofilms and observed to increase biofilm biomass among those that formed weak biofilms [60.3% (n= 35) and 55.6% (n= 10), respectively]. On completion of the qRT-PCR analysis supporting the results of the biofilm experiment, it was determined that the expressions of the EFG1 and BCR1 genes decreased at the MIC-0 and MIC-2 concentrations of farnesol among the strong biofilm-forming C.albi- cans and C.parapsilosis complex isolates, but there was an increase in gene expressions among the weak biofilm-forming isolates. In addition to the antifungal effect of farnesol on Candida species, this study provided data on the efficacy of the MIC-0 and MIC-2 concentrations of farnesol against Candida biofilm biomass. Although our results suggest that farnesol can be used as an alternative agent to reduce biofilm formation in Candida infections, they need to be supported by further studies. Moreover, this research has significance as it represents the first study to determine the EFG1 and BCR1 gene expressions among C.parapsilosis complex isolates in the presence of farnesol.
dc.identifier.doi10.5578/mb.20249905
dc.identifier.endpage62
dc.identifier.issn0374-9096
dc.identifier.issue1
dc.identifier.pmid38263940
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85183457861
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ4
dc.identifier.startpage49
dc.identifier.trdizinid1221999
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.5578/mb.20249905
dc.identifier.urihttps://search.trdizin.gov.tr/tr/yayin/detay/1221999
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11480/15354
dc.identifier.volume58
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001201247600002
dc.identifier.wosqualityN/A
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakTR-Dizin
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherAnkara Microbiology Soc
dc.relation.ispartofMikrobiyoloji Bulteni
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.snmzKA_20241106
dc.subjectCandida
dc.subjectbiofilm
dc.subjectfarnesol
dc.subjectEFG1
dc.subjectBCR1
dc.titleInvestigation of the Effect of Farnesol on Biofilm Formation by Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis Complex Isolates
dc.title.alternativeCandida albicans ve Candida parapsilosis Kompleks İzolatlarının Biyofilm Üretimi Üzerine Farnesol Etkisinin Araştırılması
dc.typeArticle

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