Temettu Defterlerine göre Günar kazasının sosyo-ekonomik durumu (1845)
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2002
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Niğde Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
ÖZET Osmanlı Devleti XIX. yüzyıla gelindiğinde yapısındaki bozuklukları giderebilmek için siyasi ve iktisadi reformlara gitmek zorunda kalmıştı. Bu reformlar sonucunda mali durumlarına göre vergi verecek kişilerin tespiti ve bu sayede toplanan vergilerden devlet gelirlerinin arttırılarak, başta yeni kurulan ordunun masrafları olmak üzere diğer devlet giderlerinin karşılanması için, hane reislerinin arazi, emlak, hayvanat ve temettuat sayımlarını içeren, Temettuat Defterlerinin düzenlenmesine karar verildi. 1844-1845 tarihli bu defter kataloglarından yararlanarak, Konya eyaleti İçel sancağı Gülnar kazasının sosyo - ekonomik yapışım ortaya çıkarmaya çalıştık. Temettuat kayıtlarına göre Gülnar Yörükan ve Bozağaç olmak üzere iki bölgede bulunan 19 yerleşim biriminden oluşuyordu. Gülnar coğrafi şartlarının sonucu kentsel bir yapılanmanın görülmediği, kasaba köy arası yerleşim ünitelerinin yaygın olduğu bir kazaydı. Sosyal yapıyı Yörük aşiretleri belirginleştiriyordu. Ekonomik yapı ise tarım ve hayvancılığın iç içe olduğu, esnaflık ve ticaretin belirli bölgelere münhasır ve geçimlik düzeyde kaldığı şeklindeydi. Gelir kaynaklarının büyük bölümünü tarım ve hayvancılık oluşturuyordu. Bunun yanında rant geliri, hizmetli ve ücretli, esnaf ve ticaret, kira ve kiracılık ve orman ürünlerinden de önemli seviyede gelir sağlanıyordu. Vergilerin toplanması konusunda ise gelir-vergi dengesi pek fazla gözetilmemiş, bunun sonucu olarak çok sık hakkaniyetsizliklerle karşılaşılmaktadır.
SUMMARY At the beginning of 19th century, Ottoman Empire had been obliged to made political and economical reforms to remove the disorders in her constitution. In the result of these reforms, it was decided that Temettuat (profits) Defters, consisting of enumeration of estates, animals and profits of the households, were put in to fix the people who had to pay tax according to their fiscal positions and- in this manner with the increase of the public revenues obtained from collected taxes to cover other- public expenditures on the point of expenses of re-organized army. We tried to discover the socio-economical structure of Gülnar sub-district dependent on İçel district in the province of Konya by using the catalagues of this defter dated 1844-1845. According to the temettuat (profits) registrations Gülnar had 19 villages situated in two regions that were called yörükhan and Bozağaç. Gülnar was asub-districk where the settlements units were widespread. But these settlement units were neither town nor village. The tribes of Yörük determined the sociel structure and economical stucture was in form of that agriculture and cattle-dealing were limited to some regions and at level of living with great difficulty. Great part of income sources were obtained from agriculture and cattle- dealing. İn addition, a great deal of income was also abtained from profits, servants and wage earners, tradesmen and commerce, hiring and tenancy and forest products. While the taxes had been collecting, the balance of income tax was never given importance and as a result of this, there had been many injustices.
SUMMARY At the beginning of 19th century, Ottoman Empire had been obliged to made political and economical reforms to remove the disorders in her constitution. In the result of these reforms, it was decided that Temettuat (profits) Defters, consisting of enumeration of estates, animals and profits of the households, were put in to fix the people who had to pay tax according to their fiscal positions and- in this manner with the increase of the public revenues obtained from collected taxes to cover other- public expenditures on the point of expenses of re-organized army. We tried to discover the socio-economical structure of Gülnar sub-district dependent on İçel district in the province of Konya by using the catalagues of this defter dated 1844-1845. According to the temettuat (profits) registrations Gülnar had 19 villages situated in two regions that were called yörükhan and Bozağaç. Gülnar was asub-districk where the settlements units were widespread. But these settlement units were neither town nor village. The tribes of Yörük determined the sociel structure and economical stucture was in form of that agriculture and cattle-dealing were limited to some regions and at level of living with great difficulty. Great part of income sources were obtained from agriculture and cattle- dealing. İn addition, a great deal of income was also abtained from profits, servants and wage earners, tradesmen and commerce, hiring and tenancy and forest products. While the taxes had been collecting, the balance of income tax was never given importance and as a result of this, there had been many injustices.
Açıklama
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Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yakınçağ Tarihi Ana Bilim Dalı
Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yakınçağ Tarihi Ana Bilim Dalı
Anahtar Kelimeler
Tarih, History
