Osmanlı Devleti'nde Nafia Nezareti
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2015
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Niğde Üniversitesi / Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu çalışmada, XIX. yüzyılda bayındırlık faaliyetlerinin yürütülmesinden sorumlu olan Osmanlı Nafia Nezareti’nin kuruluşu, gelişimi, teşkilat yapısı ve faaliyetleri ile ilgili bilgi verilmektedir. Bayındırlık, insanların yaşam kalitesinin artırılmasında rol alan en önemli faktörlerden biridir. Bir yerin gelişmişliği, diğer birçok etkenlerin yanında o yerin alt yapısının, yollarının ve köprülerinin gelişmişliği ile de eşdeğerdir. Bu anlamda Osmanlı Devleti, XIX. yüzyılda çağın gereği olarak alt yapı hizmetlerinin geliştirilmesi, ülkede yol, köprü, demiryolu, liman, rıhtım inşası gibi hem ticareti geliştirecek, hem de halkın refahını arttıracak bir dizi girişimlerde bulunmuştur. Elbette bu gibi işlerin yapılmasında bunları organize edecek bir kurum gerekmektedir. 1848 yılına kadar Osmanlı Devleti’nde büyük çapta inşa ve imar faaliyetleri bulunmakla birlikte bu işleri tek elden yürütecek herhangi bir teşkilat mevcut değildi. Bu tarihte Nafia Nezareti’nin kurulması ile bu alanda büyük adımlar atılmış ve Osmanlı Devleti’nde inşa ve imar faaliyetleriyle ilgili olarak birçok düzenlemeler yapılmıştır. Çalışma giriş ve üç ana bölümden oluşmaktadır. Giriş bölümünde Nafia Nezareti kuruluncaya kadar Osmanlı Devleti’ndeki imar faaliyetleri ve yol yapımı çalışmaları hakkındaki genel bilgiler verilmiştir. Birinci bölümde Nafia Nezareti kurulana kadar imar çalışmalarını yürüten kurumlarla ilgili bilgi verildikten sonra, 1848 ile 1922 yılları arasındaki dönem içerisinde Nafia Nezareti’nin kuruluşu, bu nezarete bağlanan birimler, nezaretin idaresinde meydana gelen değişimler, nafia nazırları ve nezaretin bütçesi incelenmiştir. İkinci bölümde, Nafia Nezareti’nin teşkilat yapısı, burada çalışan görevliler, bağlı idari birimler, nafia memurlarının atanmaları, maaşları gibi konularda detaylı bilgi verilmiştir. Bu bölümde nezaretin merkez teşkilatı merkez bürolar, meclisler ve komisyonlar, idareler ve bağlı kuruluşlar olarak 3 kısma ayrılmış ve bu birimlerde çalışan personelin görevleri ortaya konmuştur. Nezaretin taşra teşkilatı da idari ve fen personeli olarak ikiye ayrıldıktan sonra her birinde çalışan personelin görevleri detaylandırılmıştır. Yine aynı bölümde Nafia Nezareti’nde çalışan memurların atanmaları, maaşları ve çalışma şekilleri hakkında bilgiler verilmiştir. Üçüncü bölüm de Nafia Nezareti’nin faaliyet alanlarına ayrılmıştır. Bu bölümde Nafia Nezareti’nin en önemli ilgi alanı olan yolların yapım süreci anlatılmıştır. Yol yapımında Osmanlı Devleti’nde yer alan mevzuat hakkında bilgiler verilmiş, Nafia Nezareti kurulduktan sonra “devlet yolları” tabir edilen yolların yapımına dair istatistikî veriler değerlendirilmiştir. 1848 ile 1922 yılları arasında yapılan karayolları, bu bölümde vilayetlere taksim edilerek her bir vilayette yapılan yol miktarı belgelere dayanılarak ortaya konmuştur. Akabinde nezaretin diğer faaliyetlerinden olan demiryolları, liman, rıhtımlar ile arazinin sulanması ve bataklıkların kurutulması için hazırlanan projeler ve yapılan diğer işler hakkında detaylı bilgiler verilmiştir. Tez konusu ile ilgili olarak Nafia Nezareti’nin özellikle Tanzimat Dönemi’ni konu alan eserlerin yanında konunun bir bütün halinde ele alınmasını sağlayan ve çalışmanın ana kaynağını teşkil eden arşiv belgeleri ile nezaretin çıkarmış olduğu Umur-ı Nafia ile Umur-ı Nafia ve Ziraat Dergisi’nden de zaman zaman istifade edilmiştir.
In this work, informations have been given about foundation, development organization construction works of Ministry of Public Works that is reliable for implement of public works activity. In XIX century public works is one of the important factor to increase people’s life quality. Development of anywhere is equivalent with substructure, roads and bridges a lot of developments of other agents. Ottoman Empire had been attempted to develope both substructures like road, bridge rail, seaport landing and develope trade to increase people’s welfare. Definetlely a foundation is necessary to organize these types of work although there was no foundation to implement these types of operations until 1848 at the same time some operations like huge constructions and developments have no constitutions to implements. In the same date, with foundation the Ministry of Public Works, huge steps were taken and a lot of arrangements were made in Ottoman Empire about construction and development activities. This work consists of an entrance section and three main sections. In entrance section common informations have been given about contruction activities and building road until Ministry of Public Works was found in Ottoman Empire. In the first section after some informations were given about establishment which implement development operations, and between 1848-1922 foundation of Ministry of Public Works, units which hitched development ministry, changes in this ministry, development employes and ministry budget. In second section some informations were given about construction of ministry, other units which hitched to ministry appointment and salary of employees. In this section development ministry was seperated three parts as central offices, parliaments, xi commissions,directions hitched foundations and employeed functions were mentioned. After local establishment of ministry was seperated two parts managerial and science editor, employees, all employees functions who works in each department were detailed. In the same part, some imformations were given about employees appointments, salary and working types who works in development ministry. In third section, activities parts of development ministry were seperated. In this section road construction process which is the most important association of ministry. Some information were given about regulation of road construction in Ottoman Empirre. Some datas were evaluated which was called ‘government roads’ after foundation of development ministry. In this section, roads which were made between 1848-1922, was divided cities and road mass was displayed which based on documents for each city. After that some detailed informations were given about ministry works and projects like rails, seaport, landing, watering lands, draining of slew. Concerning subject of thesis was profited from especially development ministry’s works in administrative reforms age and archives documents which supply this topic totally and their work’s main resources and magazines that are called with “umur- ı nafia” and “umur-ı nafia and ziraat”.
In this work, informations have been given about foundation, development organization construction works of Ministry of Public Works that is reliable for implement of public works activity. In XIX century public works is one of the important factor to increase people’s life quality. Development of anywhere is equivalent with substructure, roads and bridges a lot of developments of other agents. Ottoman Empire had been attempted to develope both substructures like road, bridge rail, seaport landing and develope trade to increase people’s welfare. Definetlely a foundation is necessary to organize these types of work although there was no foundation to implement these types of operations until 1848 at the same time some operations like huge constructions and developments have no constitutions to implements. In the same date, with foundation the Ministry of Public Works, huge steps were taken and a lot of arrangements were made in Ottoman Empire about construction and development activities. This work consists of an entrance section and three main sections. In entrance section common informations have been given about contruction activities and building road until Ministry of Public Works was found in Ottoman Empire. In the first section after some informations were given about establishment which implement development operations, and between 1848-1922 foundation of Ministry of Public Works, units which hitched development ministry, changes in this ministry, development employes and ministry budget. In second section some informations were given about construction of ministry, other units which hitched to ministry appointment and salary of employees. In this section development ministry was seperated three parts as central offices, parliaments, xi commissions,directions hitched foundations and employeed functions were mentioned. After local establishment of ministry was seperated two parts managerial and science editor, employees, all employees functions who works in each department were detailed. In the same part, some imformations were given about employees appointments, salary and working types who works in development ministry. In third section, activities parts of development ministry were seperated. In this section road construction process which is the most important association of ministry. Some information were given about regulation of road construction in Ottoman Empirre. Some datas were evaluated which was called ‘government roads’ after foundation of development ministry. In this section, roads which were made between 1848-1922, was divided cities and road mass was displayed which based on documents for each city. After that some detailed informations were given about ministry works and projects like rails, seaport, landing, watering lands, draining of slew. Concerning subject of thesis was profited from especially development ministry’s works in administrative reforms age and archives documents which supply this topic totally and their work’s main resources and magazines that are called with “umur- ı nafia” and “umur-ı nafia and ziraat”.
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Atam, Ş. (2015). Osmanlı Devleti'nde Nafia Nezareti. (Doktora Tezi). Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Niğde
