Silifke Temettuat Defteri tahlili ve değerlendirmesi
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2002
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Niğde Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
ÖZET Tanzimat Dönemi, Osmanlı tarihi içerisinde önemli bir yere sahiptir. Bu dönemde ülke ekonomisini düzenlemek ve ilerleyen batı ülkeleri karşısında geri kalmamak için mâli, askerî ve içtimaî alanda birtakım ıslahatlar yapılmıştır. Bu çerçevede yapılan Önemli bir icraat da temettuat defterlerinin düzenlenmesidir. Bu defterlerde ülkede yaşayan insanların sosyal ve iktisadî durumları hakkında önemli bilgiler mevcuttur. Yerleşim birimlerindeki hâne sayısı, hane reislerinin isimleri, meslekleri, malları, yıllık gelirleri ve ödedikleri vergiler bu defterlerde kayıtlıdır. Bu veriler o yerleşim biriminin sosyal ve iktisadî durumunu yansıtmaktadır. İnsanların etnik durumları, inançları ve faaliyetleri de belirtilmektedir. Silifke Temettuat Defteri, 1844 (H/1260) yılında düzenlenmiştir. Bu defterdeki verilere göre, Konya Eyâleti, İçel Sancağı' na bağlı Silifke, XIX. asırda 13 yerleşim biriminden oluşan bir kazadır. Bu yerleşim birimlerinden Çiftlik karyesinde gayri Müslim Rumlar, geri kalan 12 karyede ise Müslüman ahali yaşamaktadır. Ayrıca merkez kasabada 15 hanelik ehl-i İslâm Kıptî ahalinin yaşadığı da belirtilmektedir. Kazada Göksu vadisinin verimli topraklarının ve elverişli iklimin tanıdığı imkânlar çerçevesinde farklı ürünlerin yetiştirilebildiği anlaşılmaktadır. Arazinin büyük bölümü ekili durumdadır. Kazada yaşayan insanları çok büyük bir bölümü çiftçilikle geçimini temin etmektedir. Bunun yanı sıra hizmet sektöründe çalışanlar, eğitimle uğraşanlar ve az da olsa zanaat sahibi olanlar mevcuttur. Genellikle, hane reislerinden, gelirlerine göre vergi alındığı anlaşılmaktadır. Ancak bazı istisnaî durumlar da mevcuttur. Gelir vergi oranlarında görülen tutarsızlıklar kazanca göre vergi alma hedefine istenen ölçüde ulaşılamadığını göstermektedir.
SUMMARY The Tanzimat era had a great significance in the Ottoman Empire. In this period several reforms about fiscal, financial, military and social matters were made both to improve the economy and not to stay far behind the western countries. For these reforms it was found necessary to find out the extent of the resources at the disposal of the government. The government therefore introduced some censuses to find out both human and financial resources of the Empire. The data collected for financial reason was put in the Temettuat Defters. In these defters there are number of households and their chiefs, their occupations, estates, animals, yearly incomes and taxes due. The defter of a local unit was divided into millets. In other words Muslim and non-Muslim subjects were kept seperated in the defter. The defter under study is that of Silifke dated from 1844. Silifke was sub-district of İçel district in the province of Konya. Silifke had 13 villages attached to it. Out of one, namely Çiftlik inhabited by the Greeks, the rest 12 villages were inhabited by the Muslims. Besides, only 15 Gypsy housholds were reported to be living in the central village of Silifke. In Silifke region there is Göksu valley which has a fertile soil and various grains were cultivated there. These grains were also listed in the defters. It appears that most of the inhabitants living there were occupied with farms and thr rest were busy with some other fields such as sepherds, constructor, window and door repairer and so on. It is understood that the tax were taken in line with the income they earned each year. However some exception was made in special circumtances. There were some inconsistencies between income and the tax received from it. II
SUMMARY The Tanzimat era had a great significance in the Ottoman Empire. In this period several reforms about fiscal, financial, military and social matters were made both to improve the economy and not to stay far behind the western countries. For these reforms it was found necessary to find out the extent of the resources at the disposal of the government. The government therefore introduced some censuses to find out both human and financial resources of the Empire. The data collected for financial reason was put in the Temettuat Defters. In these defters there are number of households and their chiefs, their occupations, estates, animals, yearly incomes and taxes due. The defter of a local unit was divided into millets. In other words Muslim and non-Muslim subjects were kept seperated in the defter. The defter under study is that of Silifke dated from 1844. Silifke was sub-district of İçel district in the province of Konya. Silifke had 13 villages attached to it. Out of one, namely Çiftlik inhabited by the Greeks, the rest 12 villages were inhabited by the Muslims. Besides, only 15 Gypsy housholds were reported to be living in the central village of Silifke. In Silifke region there is Göksu valley which has a fertile soil and various grains were cultivated there. These grains were also listed in the defters. It appears that most of the inhabitants living there were occupied with farms and thr rest were busy with some other fields such as sepherds, constructor, window and door repairer and so on. It is understood that the tax were taken in line with the income they earned each year. However some exception was made in special circumtances. There were some inconsistencies between income and the tax received from it. II
Açıklama
Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yakınçağ Tarihi Ana Bilim Dalı
Anahtar Kelimeler
Tarih, History
