Hoca Ahmet Yesevi, Yesevilik ve Türk Topluluklarında Yesevi ile ilgili menkıbe ve efsaneler
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Date
2024
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Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Abstract
Tarih boyunca var olmuş veya var olduğu kabul edilen sonradan efsaneleştirilen birçok sûfî evliya vardır. Bu evliyaların hayat hikayeleri ve çalışmaları bilim insanları tarafından tartışılmakta olan konulardır. Menkıbeler ise veli kişilerin yaşamları döneminde veya öldükten sonra onlara dayandırılarak anlatılan olaylardır. Bunların bir kısmı hayatların sürdüğü devirden daha sonra ortaya çıkmış ve alperen ve dervişleri aracığıyla yayılmış ve kayda geçmiştir. Bunlardan velilerin yaşadığı dönemde başından geçen olaylarla öldükten sonra ortaya çıkan efsaneler birbirine karışır. Hikâyelerin gerçekten evliyalara ait olup olmadığı da araştırılacak hususların başındadır. Sözlü kültürden geldiği anlaşılan konularsa bazı zaman bu tartışmaların arasına alınmamış veya görmezden gelinmiştir. Hoca Ahmet Yesevî de bu durumda ele alınabilecek bir din alimidir. XII. asırda yaşayan ve kendisine ait olup olmadıkları dahi tartışılan, yazıya dökülme dönemi bilinmeyen ''Hikmet''leri üzerinden Hoca Ahmet Yesevî'yi anlamlandırmak güçtür. Diğer taraftan ölümünden daha sonra Cevahirü'l-Ebrar min Emvac-ı Bihar, Nesabname, Risale-i Hüsmeddin-i Sığanakî veya Menakıb-ı Ahmed-i Yesevî, Nesebname, Lemehat min Nefehati'l-Kuds, v.b. eserlerde Hoca Ahmet Yesevî'nin menkıbevî yaşamı ile kerametlerine yer verilir ve bu kaynak sözlü kültür ürünlerini içinde barındırır. Bu çalışmada Hoca Ahmet Yesevî'nin Türk Topluluklarındaki menkıbevî hayatı ve efsaneleri ile ilgili olan veya Hoca Ahmet Yesevî'yi bahsederken menkıbelerin de çokça yer aldığı çeşitli makaleler incelenmiş; söz konusu Ahmet Yesevî'nin menkıbevî hayatı anlatılan eserlerin bibliyografyası hazırlanmıştır. Bununla birlikle Yesevî'nin tasavvuf anlayışı, kendisine atfedilen kerametleri ve zikrleri hakkında kapsamlı çalışılmıştır.
Throughout history, there have been many Sufi saints who have been considered to have existed or who were later legendary. The life stories and works of these saints are topics being discussed by scientists. "Menkibeler" are events attributed to saintly figures during their lifetimes or after their death. Some of these appeared later than the period of life and were spread and recorded through Alperen and his dervishes. Events from the time when saints lived and the legends that emerged after their deaths often intertwine. Whether the stories truly belong to the saints or not is a matter of investigation. Topics that seem to come from oral culture are sometimes not included in these discussions or are ignored. Khoja Ahmet Yassawi indeed, is a religious scholar who can be considered in this situation. He lived in the 12th century, and understanding him through his "Hikmet" (wisdom) - whether they truly belong to him or not, and the period of their documentation is unknown - is challenging. On the other hand, after his death, various works such as "Cevahirü'l-Ebrar min Emvac-ı Bihar," "Nesabname," "Risale-i Hüsmeddin-i Sığanaki," or "Menakib-ı Ahmed-i Yesevî," "Nesebname," "Lemehat min Nefehati'l-Kuds," etc., include accounts of Khoja Ahmet Yassawi's miraculous life and feats, thus encapsulating oral cultural products within their content. In this study, various articles discussing the epic life and legends of Khoja Ahmet Yassawi within Turkic communities, as well as articles where legendes about Khoja Ahmet Yassawi are prevalent, have been examined. A bibliography of the works narrating the legendary life of Ahmet Yassawi has been compiled. Additionally, comprehensive research has been conducted on Yassawi's understanding of Sufism, the miracles attributed to him, and his practices of dhikr (remembrance of God)
Throughout history, there have been many Sufi saints who have been considered to have existed or who were later legendary. The life stories and works of these saints are topics being discussed by scientists. "Menkibeler" are events attributed to saintly figures during their lifetimes or after their death. Some of these appeared later than the period of life and were spread and recorded through Alperen and his dervishes. Events from the time when saints lived and the legends that emerged after their deaths often intertwine. Whether the stories truly belong to the saints or not is a matter of investigation. Topics that seem to come from oral culture are sometimes not included in these discussions or are ignored. Khoja Ahmet Yassawi indeed, is a religious scholar who can be considered in this situation. He lived in the 12th century, and understanding him through his "Hikmet" (wisdom) - whether they truly belong to him or not, and the period of their documentation is unknown - is challenging. On the other hand, after his death, various works such as "Cevahirü'l-Ebrar min Emvac-ı Bihar," "Nesabname," "Risale-i Hüsmeddin-i Sığanaki," or "Menakib-ı Ahmed-i Yesevî," "Nesebname," "Lemehat min Nefehati'l-Kuds," etc., include accounts of Khoja Ahmet Yassawi's miraculous life and feats, thus encapsulating oral cultural products within their content. In this study, various articles discussing the epic life and legends of Khoja Ahmet Yassawi within Turkic communities, as well as articles where legendes about Khoja Ahmet Yassawi are prevalent, have been examined. A bibliography of the works narrating the legendary life of Ahmet Yassawi has been compiled. Additionally, comprehensive research has been conducted on Yassawi's understanding of Sufism, the miracles attributed to him, and his practices of dhikr (remembrance of God)
Description
Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı Ana Bilim Dalı
Keywords
Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı, Turkish Language and Literature
