Tekerlekli sandalye basketbol oyuncularında fiziksel uygunluğun değerlendirilmesi
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2015
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Niğde Üniversitesi / Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Abstract
Bu çalışma, tekerlekli sandalye basketbol oyuncularının fiziksel uygunluk düzeylerini belirlemek, tekerlekli sandalye basketbolu ile ilgilenen oyuncuların fiziksel uygunluk düzeyleri arasındaki farkları belirlemek, fizyoterapistler, antrenörler ve diğer sağlık çalışanları için değerlendirme prosedürü oluşturmak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmamıza toplam 96 sporcu katılmıştır. Antrenman sistemine tabi tutulmadan önceki kan değerleri ve sporcuların vücut kompozisyonları, üst ekstremize izometrim kas kuvvetleri, el kavrama kuvvetleri ve kardiyovasküler endurans düzeylerinin ölçümleri, yapılmıştır. Tekrar eden ölçümler uygulanan antrenman sonrası tekrar edilmiştir. Sporculara ait parametrelerin önce ve sonrasına göre farklı olup olmadığının araştırılması planlanmıştır. Çalışmamıza katılan denekler 3 ay süre ile aerobik antrenman yaptırılarak anaerobik antrenmana sporcuların anatomik uyum sağlamaları kolaylaştırılmıştır. Antrenmanlar toplamda 10 hafta ve haftanın 3 günü (Pazartesi, Çarşamba, Cumartesi) olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Dinlenme aralıklarında ise denekler açma-germe yapmış olup belirlenen toparlanma aralıklarına gelindiğinde de ikinci bir yüklenme gerçekleşmiştir. Antrenmanın ana bölümündeki her bir egzersiz aynı şiddette uygulanmıştır. Araştırmamızın temel amacı, aynı şiddette ve farklı dinlenme aralıklarında yapılan anaerobik interval antrenmanın hangi dinlenme aralığında yapıldığında aerobik ve anaerobik kapasiteyi artırdığını belirlemek ve aynı zamanda bu iki farklı zaman aralığının kan parametrelerini ve kol- omuz kuvvetleri üzerindeki etkisini tespit etmektir. Çalışmamızdaki temel hipotezlerimiz; 1. Ekstensiv interval antrenmanların anaerobik eşiğe etkisi vardır, 2. İntensiv interval antrenmanların anaerobik eşiğe etkisi vardır, 3. Ekstensiv interval antrenmanların kan parametrelerine etkisi vardır, 4. İntensiv interval antrenmanların kan parametrelerine etkisi vardır. Bu araştırmanın evreni İstanbul ilinde TS basketbolu ile ilgilenen lisanslı sporculardan seçilmiştir. Cinsiyet, yaş, TS basketbol puanı, ampütasyon durumu, sporcunun takımı gibi özellikler göz ardı edilmiştir. Çalışmamızda örneklem olarak 96 adet denek bulunmaktadır. Seçilen denekler basit rastgele örneklem yöntemleri kullanılarak seçilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre; bütün omuz ve dirsek parametreleri önce ve sonra değerleri önce ve sonra olmak üzere birbirinden oldukça farklıdır (p<0,01). Sol omuz fleksiyon önce-sonra farkının araştırıldığı analizde önce ve sonra değerlerinin farklı olduğu ve katılımcıların sol omuz fleksiyon gücü yapılan antrenman sistemiyle artmıştır ve yaklaşık 1,7 kg.lık bu artış istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu görülmektedir. Omuz fleksiyon sağ önce ve sonra farkının araştırıldığı eşleştirmede; sonra ölçülen fleksiyon değerinin önce ölçülen fleksiyon değerinden oldukça yüksek olduğu görülmüştür (p<0,01). Sol omuz abduksiyon önce ve sonra kuvvetlerinin farkının araştırılması için önce ve sonra arasındaki yaklaşık 2,9 kg.lık fark anlamlıdır (p<0,01). Hematokrit değerinde antrenman öncesi ve sonrasında önemli ölçüde farklı olduğu ve sporcuların hematokrit seviyesi uygulanan programlar ile artış sağlamıştır (p<0,05). Lökosit değerlerinin antrenman öncesi ve sonrası birbirinden önemli ölçüde farklı olduğu görülmektedir (p<0,05). Eritrosit değerinde antrenman öncesi ve sonrasında birbirinden önemli ölçüde farklı olduğu ve farkın antrenman sonrası değerindeki artışlardan kaynaklandığı tespit edilmiştir (p<0,01). Hemoglobin değerinde antrenman öncesi ve sonrasında birbirinden önemli ölçüde farklı olduğu ve farkın antrenman sonrası değerindeki artışlardan kaynaklandığı tespit edilmiştir (p<0,05). MCV değerinin antrenman öncesi ve sonrasında birbirinden önemli ölçüde farklı olduğu ve farkın antrenman sonrası değerindeki artışlardan kaynaklandığı tespit edilmiştir (p<0,01). . MCHC antrenman öncesi ve sonrasında birbirinden önemli ölçüde farklı olduğu ve farkın antrenman sonrası değerindeki artışlardan kaynaklandığı tespit edilmiştir (p<0,01). Çalışmada ölçülen kolestrol değerlerinin antrenman öncesi ve sonrasında birbirinden önemli ölçüde farklı olduğu ve farkın antrenman sonrası düşüşlerden kaynaklandığı görülmektedir (p<0,01). Çalışmamızda ölçülen trigliserid değerleri antrenman öncesi ve sonrasında birbirinden önemli ölçüde farklı olduğu ve farkın antrenman sonrası değerindeki düşüşlerden kaynaklandığı tespit edilmiştir (p<0,05). Çalışmamızda ölçülen önce ve sonra glikoz değerleri bir birlerinden önemli ölçüde farklı olmadığı görülmektedir (p>0,05). Çalışmamızda ölçülen HDL değerlerinin antrenman öncesi ve sonrasında önemli ölçüde farklılıklar gösterdiği ve bu farklılıkların antrenman sonrası süreçte ölçülen HDL değerlerinden kaynaklandığı görülmektedir (p<0,05).
This study aims to determine wheelchair basketball players' physical fitness levels and the difference between the physical fitness levels of the players who are interested in wheelchair basketball, and to develop an evaluation procedure for physiotherapists, trainers and other medical staff members. Participants are 96 players from whom their personal information was taken to determine the characteristic features of their sport. Before they were included in their training system, the data on players' blood rates, body compositions, high extremity isometric muscular strength (somatotonia), hand grasp strength and the measurement of their cardiovascular endurance levels was collected. The same repeated measurement was done after the training. Moreover, the research on whether players' parameters were different in terms of before and after training was also conducted. The subjects participated in this study was done aerobics training in a-3 month period so as to help the subjects adapt to anaerobic training easily. Trainings lasted 10 weeks but were done only in 3 days of the week (Monday, Wednesday, Saturday). The subjects did stretching in rest intervals, and, in the determined recovery intervals, they did the second overloads. Each exercise in main parts of the training was carried out in the same intensity. The main aim of this study is (a) to determine in which rest interval period anaerobic interval training, which is done with the same intensity and in different rest intervals, increases aerobic and anaerobic capacity, and (b) to identify whether these different time periods have an effect on blood parameters and arm-shoulder strength. Main hypotheses of this study are as follows: 1. Extensive interval training has an effect on anaerobic threshold. 2. Intensive interval training has an effect on anaerobic threshold. 3. Extensive interval training has an effect on blood parameters. 4. Intensive interval training has an effect on blood parameters. The population of this study includes registered basketball players in İstanbul who are interested in TS (wheelchair basketball) basketball. Such factors; gender, age, TS basketball score, amputation conditions and players' teams were ignored. There are 96 subjects in this study. These subjects were assigned by using simple random sampling methods. According to results, all the before-after scores of the shoulder and elbow parameters were found different in terms of before-after conditions (p<0,01). Before-after differences of left shoulder flexion were analyzed and it was found out that before-after left shoulder flexion scores indicated difference. In other words, left shoulder flexion strength of the participants was increased by the training system and this increase (approximately 1,7 kg) was found statistically significant. In the matching which analyzes before-after differences of right shoulder flexion, it was found out that flexion scores which were measured later was higher than these of measured beforehand (p<0.01). In the analysis which was about the differences of before –after strength of left shoulder abduction, there was a statistical significance in the before and after scores (approximately 2,9 kg) (p<0.01). It was found out that there was a highly important difference in hematocrit levels before and after the training, in addition to this, hematocrit levels of the players were increased by the applied programs (p<0.05). Further, it was indicated that leucocyte levels were significantly different before and after the training (p<0.05) and erythrocyte levels were found significantly different before and after the training (p<0.01). The reason why erythrocyte levels were so is that the difference stemmed from their increase which appeared after training. Similarly, there were significant differences found in haemoglobin levels before and after training and the difference stemmed from their increase which appeared after training (p<0.05). MCV and MCHC levels showed significant difference before and after training and this, as in the other levels, stemmed from their increase which appeared after the training (p<0.01). Besides, cholesterol levels were found significantly different before and after training and this difference stemmed from their decrease which appeared after the training (p<0.01). Triglyceride levels, as in cholesterol levels, were found significantly different before and after the training and this difference stemmed from their decrease which appeared after the training (p<0.05). However, no significant differences were found between glucose levels which were measured before and after training (p<0.05). In contrast to glucose levels, HDL levels were significantly different before and after the training and these differences stemmed from HDL levels which were measured after the training (p<0.05).
This study aims to determine wheelchair basketball players' physical fitness levels and the difference between the physical fitness levels of the players who are interested in wheelchair basketball, and to develop an evaluation procedure for physiotherapists, trainers and other medical staff members. Participants are 96 players from whom their personal information was taken to determine the characteristic features of their sport. Before they were included in their training system, the data on players' blood rates, body compositions, high extremity isometric muscular strength (somatotonia), hand grasp strength and the measurement of their cardiovascular endurance levels was collected. The same repeated measurement was done after the training. Moreover, the research on whether players' parameters were different in terms of before and after training was also conducted. The subjects participated in this study was done aerobics training in a-3 month period so as to help the subjects adapt to anaerobic training easily. Trainings lasted 10 weeks but were done only in 3 days of the week (Monday, Wednesday, Saturday). The subjects did stretching in rest intervals, and, in the determined recovery intervals, they did the second overloads. Each exercise in main parts of the training was carried out in the same intensity. The main aim of this study is (a) to determine in which rest interval period anaerobic interval training, which is done with the same intensity and in different rest intervals, increases aerobic and anaerobic capacity, and (b) to identify whether these different time periods have an effect on blood parameters and arm-shoulder strength. Main hypotheses of this study are as follows: 1. Extensive interval training has an effect on anaerobic threshold. 2. Intensive interval training has an effect on anaerobic threshold. 3. Extensive interval training has an effect on blood parameters. 4. Intensive interval training has an effect on blood parameters. The population of this study includes registered basketball players in İstanbul who are interested in TS (wheelchair basketball) basketball. Such factors; gender, age, TS basketball score, amputation conditions and players' teams were ignored. There are 96 subjects in this study. These subjects were assigned by using simple random sampling methods. According to results, all the before-after scores of the shoulder and elbow parameters were found different in terms of before-after conditions (p<0,01). Before-after differences of left shoulder flexion were analyzed and it was found out that before-after left shoulder flexion scores indicated difference. In other words, left shoulder flexion strength of the participants was increased by the training system and this increase (approximately 1,7 kg) was found statistically significant. In the matching which analyzes before-after differences of right shoulder flexion, it was found out that flexion scores which were measured later was higher than these of measured beforehand (p<0.01). In the analysis which was about the differences of before –after strength of left shoulder abduction, there was a statistical significance in the before and after scores (approximately 2,9 kg) (p<0.01). It was found out that there was a highly important difference in hematocrit levels before and after the training, in addition to this, hematocrit levels of the players were increased by the applied programs (p<0.05). Further, it was indicated that leucocyte levels were significantly different before and after the training (p<0.05) and erythrocyte levels were found significantly different before and after the training (p<0.01). The reason why erythrocyte levels were so is that the difference stemmed from their increase which appeared after training. Similarly, there were significant differences found in haemoglobin levels before and after training and the difference stemmed from their increase which appeared after training (p<0.05). MCV and MCHC levels showed significant difference before and after training and this, as in the other levels, stemmed from their increase which appeared after the training (p<0.01). Besides, cholesterol levels were found significantly different before and after training and this difference stemmed from their decrease which appeared after the training (p<0.01). Triglyceride levels, as in cholesterol levels, were found significantly different before and after the training and this difference stemmed from their decrease which appeared after the training (p<0.05). However, no significant differences were found between glucose levels which were measured before and after training (p<0.05). In contrast to glucose levels, HDL levels were significantly different before and after the training and these differences stemmed from HDL levels which were measured after the training (p<0.05).
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Kolukısa, Ş. (2015). Tekerlekli sandalye basketbol oyuncularında fiziksel uygunluğun değerlendirilmesi. (Yüksek Lisans Tezi) Niğde Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Niğde
