Characterization of building stones from the ancient Tyana aqueducts, Central Anatolia, Turkey: implications on the factors of deterioration processes

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dc.contributor.authorKorkanc, Mustafa
dc.date.accessioned2019-08-01T13:38:39Z
dc.date.available2019-08-01T13:38:39Z
dc.date.issued2018
dc.departmentNiğde ÖHÜ
dc.description.abstractMany archaeological and historical monuments constructed by different civilizations over the last 5500 years can be observed in the Nigde region located in central Anatolia. The Tyana aqueduct as a continuation of the Roman Pool is one such important historical monument. The aqueducts that carried the water of the Roman Pool to the ancient city of Tyana were constructed during the time of the Roman emperors Trajan, Hadrian and Marcus Aurelius Antoninus. Half of the total length of the aqueducts (3 km) is on the surface and the rest is buried. The engineering properties of the rocks used in such archaeological and historical buildings are very important in terms of conserving these structures for future generations. In this study, the geomechanical and geotechnical features of the Tyana aqueducts were investigated to understand the rock types, deterioration in the stones over time and problems originating from these features. Also, for restoration purposes, the ancient stone quarry areas for the aqueducts were identified, and the chemical, petrographical and geomechanical properties of fresh travertine blocks from these quarries were determined. The main rock type used as building stones in the aqueducts is Mio-Pliocene travertine. Laboratory studies were performed to determine the mineralogical, petrographic and petrophysical properties of the building stone samples. Fresh and used travertine samples were composed exclusively of calcite crystal. The results of chemical analyses were similar for fresh and used travertine samples. To determine the geomechanical properties of the travertines, dry unit weight, water absorption, effective porosity, P-wave velocity, Bohme abrasion test, capillary water absorption and uniaxial compressive strength experiments were conducted. In addition, Schmidt hammer hardness measurements were performed on site for the different levels and different textural characteristics of the belts on the travertines. According to the experimental data obtained, higher strength was displayed by samples with fine grains, massive texture and low porosity. The deterioration effects in most of the travertines used in the original structure are very low. In addition to human effects, the use of small stone dimensions (especially the stones used in belts as keystones) and the use of stone from the same quarry but with features that differ or are inferior are thought to be factors in the destruction of the Tyana aqueducts.
dc.description.sponsorshipScientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) [106Y220]; Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) [106Y220]
dc.description.sponsorshipThis study was financially supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK, project number: 106Y220). The author is grateful to Assis. Prof. Dr. Alper GURBUZ for his comments and suggestions.
dc.identifier.doi10.1007/s10064-016-0930-2
dc.identifier.endpage252
dc.identifier.issn1435-9529
dc.identifier.issn1435-9537
dc.identifier.issue1
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-84982297917
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.startpage237
dc.identifier.urihttps://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10064-016-0930-2
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11480/3482
dc.identifier.volume77
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000424335400016
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ2
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.institutionauthorKorkanc, Mustafa
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherSPRINGER HEIDELBERG
dc.relation.ispartofBULLETIN OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.subjectAnatolia
dc.subjectTyana aqueducts
dc.subjectDeterioration
dc.subjectGeomechanical properties
dc.subjectHuman effects
dc.subjectNigde
dc.titleCharacterization of building stones from the ancient Tyana aqueducts, Central Anatolia, Turkey: implications on the factors of deterioration processes
dc.typeArticle

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