Bal arılarının (Apis mellifera) beslenmesinde koloni fizyolojisi üzerine polen ve polenli ikame yemlerinin etkisinin belirlenmesi.
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2024
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu çalışma, bal arılarının beslenmesinde (Apis mellifera) koloni fizyolojisi üzerine polen ve polenli ikame yemlerinin etkisinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Bu araştırmada, 6 farklı polen ikame diyeti ile beslenen ve beslenmeyen (kontrol) grupların bal verimi, popülasyon gelişimi, kışlama ve yaşama gücü, uçuş etkinliği, hırçınlık skorlaması, vitollegenin seviyesi, abdominal yağ miktarı, bağırsak ağırlığı, tüm gövde ve bölümlerinin (baş, Thorax, abdomen) ıslak ve kuru ağırlıkları ve Varroa destructor bulaşıklık oranları incelenmiştir. Diyetleri oluşturan protein kaynağı ham maddeler sırasıyla; polen (diyet I), Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) tozu (diyet II), taze yumurta sarısı (diyet III), liyofilize laktozsuz süt tozu (diyet IV), yaş maya (diyet V) ve inaktif bira mayası ekstraktı (ApiProtein) (diyet VI)'dir. Bulgulara göre, 6 farklı diyetin protein içerikleri (diyet I, … ve diyet VI) sırasıyla; %6.97, %8.41, %6.36, %6.65, %6.85 ve %11.05 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Farklı diyetler (diyet I, … ve diyet VI) ile beslenen ve besleme yapılmayan (kontrol) grubun bal verimleri sırasıyla; 21.73±1.77, 21.54±1.96, 16.94±1.54, 16.45±1.51, 16.37±0.95, 20.51±0.74 ve 17.14±0.65 kg/koloni'dir (P<0.05). Tüm kolonilerin bal verim genel ortalaması 18.67±0.65 kg/koloni olarak belirlenmiştir. Arı kaplı çerçeve sayısı ve kapalı kuluçka alanı genel ortalamaları sırasıyla; 11.47±0.25 adet/koloni ve 440.78±13.60 cm2/koloni olarak saptanmıştır ve bu özellikler arasında farklılık istatistiki olarak önemli çıkmıştır (P<0.05). Bu özellikler açısından en iyi sonuçlar polen (diyet I) ve spirulina (diyet II) ile beslenen kolonilerde belirlenmiştir. Tüm gruplar arasında hemolenf deki vitollegenin seviyesi (ng/ml) arasındaki istatistiki fark önemli çıkmamıştır (P=0.058; P>0.05). Ergin arıların abdominal yağ miktarları arasında istatistiki fark belirlenmiştir (P<0.05). Diyet II (spirulina) ile beslenen grupta abdominal yağ miktarı 0.68±0.04 mg/arı ile en yüksek değere sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Yaş maya (diyet V) ve inaktif bira mayası ekstraktı (diyet VI) ilaveli diyetler ile beslenen gruplarda en yüksek bağırsak ağırlığı olduğu belirlenmiştir (P<0.05). Taze yumurta sarısı ilave edilen diyet ile beslenen koloniler her özellikte en kötü sonucu vermiştir. Bu araştırma sonucunda, polen ikame diyetleri arasında diyet I (polen) ve diyet II (spirulina)'yi önermekteyiz. Taze yumurta sarısını hiçbir şekilde önermemekteyiz.
This study was conducted to determine the effect of pollen and pollen substitute diets on colony physiology of honey bees (Apis mellifera). In this study, honey yield, population development, overwintering and survivability, flight efficiency, aggression scoring, vitellogenin level, abdominal fat content, gut weight, wet and dry weights of the whole body and its parts (head, Thorax, abdomen) and Varroa destructor infestation rates of groups fed with 6 different pollen substitute diets and non-fed (control) were investigated. The protein source raw materials of the diets were pollen (diet I), Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) powder (diet II), fresh egg yolk (diet III), lyophilized lactose-free milk powder (diet IV), fresh yeast (diet V) and inactive brewer's yeast extract (ApiProtein) (diet VI). According to the results, the protein contents of 6 different diets (diet I, ... and diet VI) were 6.97%, 8.41%, 6.36%, 6.65%, 6.65%, 6.85%, and 11.05%, respectively. The honey yields of the group fed with different diets (diet I, ..., and diet VI) and no feeding (control) were 21.73±1.77, 21.54±1.96, 16.94±1.54, 16.45±1.51, 16.37±0.95, 20.51±0.74, and 17.14±0.65 kg/colony, respectively (P<0.05). The average total honey yield of all colonies was 18.67±0.65 kg/colony. The number of bee covered frames and sealed brood area were 11.47±0.25 pieces/colony and 440.78±13.60 cm2/colony, respectively, and the difference between these characteristics was statistically significant (P<0.05). The best results in terms of these characteristics were determined in colonies fed with pollen (diet I) and spirulina (diet II). The difference in vitellogenin level (ng/ml) in hemolymph between all groups was not significant (P=0.058; P>0.05). There was a statistical difference between the abdominal fat content of adult bees (P<0.05). The abdominal fat content was highest in the group fed diet II (spirulina) at 0.68±0.04 mg/bee. The highest gut weight was found in the groups fed with fresh yeast (diet V) and inactive brewer's yeast extract (diet VI) (P<0.05). The colonies fed with fresh egg yolk showed the worst results in all traits. As a result of this study, we recommend diet I (pollen) and diet II (spirulina) as pollen substitution diets.
This study was conducted to determine the effect of pollen and pollen substitute diets on colony physiology of honey bees (Apis mellifera). In this study, honey yield, population development, overwintering and survivability, flight efficiency, aggression scoring, vitellogenin level, abdominal fat content, gut weight, wet and dry weights of the whole body and its parts (head, Thorax, abdomen) and Varroa destructor infestation rates of groups fed with 6 different pollen substitute diets and non-fed (control) were investigated. The protein source raw materials of the diets were pollen (diet I), Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) powder (diet II), fresh egg yolk (diet III), lyophilized lactose-free milk powder (diet IV), fresh yeast (diet V) and inactive brewer's yeast extract (ApiProtein) (diet VI). According to the results, the protein contents of 6 different diets (diet I, ... and diet VI) were 6.97%, 8.41%, 6.36%, 6.65%, 6.65%, 6.85%, and 11.05%, respectively. The honey yields of the group fed with different diets (diet I, ..., and diet VI) and no feeding (control) were 21.73±1.77, 21.54±1.96, 16.94±1.54, 16.45±1.51, 16.37±0.95, 20.51±0.74, and 17.14±0.65 kg/colony, respectively (P<0.05). The average total honey yield of all colonies was 18.67±0.65 kg/colony. The number of bee covered frames and sealed brood area were 11.47±0.25 pieces/colony and 440.78±13.60 cm2/colony, respectively, and the difference between these characteristics was statistically significant (P<0.05). The best results in terms of these characteristics were determined in colonies fed with pollen (diet I) and spirulina (diet II). The difference in vitellogenin level (ng/ml) in hemolymph between all groups was not significant (P=0.058; P>0.05). There was a statistical difference between the abdominal fat content of adult bees (P<0.05). The abdominal fat content was highest in the group fed diet II (spirulina) at 0.68±0.04 mg/bee. The highest gut weight was found in the groups fed with fresh yeast (diet V) and inactive brewer's yeast extract (diet VI) (P<0.05). The colonies fed with fresh egg yolk showed the worst results in all traits. As a result of this study, we recommend diet I (pollen) and diet II (spirulina) as pollen substitution diets.
Açıklama
Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Hayvansal Üretim ve Teknolojisi Ana Bilim Dalı, Hayvan Yetiştirme Bilim Dalı
Anahtar Kelimeler
Ziraat, Agriculture
