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Analysis of Accessibility of Primary Schools in Niğde Using GIS
(2022) Soydan, Orhun
In this study, it is planned to make a spatial analysis of the accessibility function of a city using GIS. The main purpose of this study is to reveal the spatial accessibility of primary schools, which are among the educational institutions in the Merkez district of Niğde province. The Spatial Plans Building Regulation was used as a criterion for accessibility. The current number of students and teachers in the schools and the number of classrooms were obtained from the Niğde Provincial Directorate of National Education, and the obtained data were analyzed by transferring them to ArcGIS software. In the study, the Zoning Plan from the Niğde Municipality, the road and housing data obtained from OpenStreetMap, the location information of the schools and the number of students obtained from the Niğde Provincial Directorate of National Education, and the population data obtained from TÜİK were used. According to the results of the study, there are problems in accessibility the primary schools in some neighborhoods in the Merkez district, and this problem is increasing especially in rural areas. It should not be forgotten that accessibility is important for everyone, school and settlement plans should be made with reference to the values specified in the spatial plans regulation.
Analysis of Accessibility to Family Health Centers in Antalya Using GIS
(2021) Soydan, Orhun
Family health centers in Turkey started to be implemented for the first time in Düzce in 2004 years\rwithin the scope of Law No. 5258. While determining the physical conditions of the places where\rfamily health centers are built, the first item in the regulation is that the building should be easily\raccessible. This situation shows the importance of the subject in terms of accessibility. While\rdetermining the features of the places where FHCs will be made, environmental characteristics are\ralso taken into consideration. Environmental features are effective in determining the FHCslocation\rin different ways. These impacts are divided into two groups: the physical features that pavements,\rroads and parks can include, and the social, cultural and institutional features of neighborhoods that\rinclude local social ties and collective activities. From this point of view, the importance of the\rlocation of family health centers relative to roads and houses is understood. The aim of this study\ris to examine the accessibility of Family Health Centers in Konyaaltı, Antalya, on a neighborhood\rbasis using Geographic Information Systems. Konyaaltı has 21 Family Health Centers. As a result\rof the analyses, it was determined that most of the neighborhoods had problems in terms of\raccessibility, while a very few of them did not experience problems in terms of accessibility. In\rterms of the total number of buildings, the ratio of buildings that are 500 meters walking distance\rfrom any family health center by using highways is 35.56%. With these rates, 3,634 of the 10,2018\rbuildings remain within the limits of the regulation. Finally; suggestions were made to increase\raccessibility to these areas.
Aydınlatma ile Güvenlik Algısı İlişkisinin Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Yerleşkesi Örneğinde İncelenmesi
(2019) Soydan, Orhun; Benliay, Ahmet
Ülkemizdeki üniversite sayısı sürekli artmakta olup, bu üniversitelerden bazıları büyük yerleşke alanlarına dönüşmektedirler. Bu yüzden yerleşke alanları kentsel yaşam alanları içerisinde büyük bir öneme sahiptir. Yerleşke içerisinde bulunan öğrenciler, eğitim yanında konaklama, eğlence ve rekreasyonel faaliyetler için de yerleşke alanlarını kullanmaktadırlar. Bu yerleşkeler gündüz kullanıldığı gibi akşam/gece de kullanılmaktadır. Bu alanların akşam/gece kullanımı açısından (güvenlik, estetik vb.) aydınlatma sistemleri tasarımı önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Yerleşkeler içerisinde belirli alanlarda, aydınlatma tasarımının eksik olmasından dolayı karanlık alanlar oluşmakta, bunun sonucunda da yerleşke içerisinde güvenlik problemleri meydana gelmektedir. Aydınlatma eksikliği sonucunda yerleşke içerisinde başıboş gezen hayvanlar, fiziksel tehlikeler ve insanlarda saldırıya uğrama korkusu meydana gelmektedir. Bu eksiklikler yerleşkelerin gece kullanımını engellemektedir. Aydınlatmadan dolayı meydana gelen korkular, yerleşkenin yaşam kalitesini ve konforunu da azaltmaktadır. Bu çalışma da Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesini kullanan öğrenciler, akademik ve idare personeller ile çalışanlar üzerinden anket çalışması (400 kişi) yürütülmüştür. Yapılan anket çalışması sonucunda; yerleşkeyi kullananların yerleşkenin aydınlatma tasarımına yönelik düşünceleri ve aydınlatma tasarımının kullanımlarını nasıl etkilediği belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, yerleşke içerisinde aydınlatmaya bağlı olarak ortaya çıkan güvenlik problemleri yerleşke kullanıcılarının düşüncülerine göre tespit edilmiştir. Yerleşke içerisinde bulunan kullanım alanlarının aydınlatma tasarımı ile olan ilişkileri ve kullanıcıların yerleşke içerisinde kendilerini en çok ya da en az hangi alanlarda güvende hissettikleri tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda; yerleşkeyi kullanan kişilerin aydınlatma tasarımına bağlı olarak güvenlik algısını arttıracak önerilere yer verilmiştir.
Detection of Burnt Areas by Remote Sensing Techniques: Antalya Manavgat Forest Fire
(2022) Soydan, Orhun
In this study, the forest fire that occurred in Manavgat district of Antalya on 28 July 2021 and lasted for 15 days was analysed by remote sensing techniques using Landsat 8 satellite images. Satellite images of the study area dated July 2021 before the forest fire and August 2021 after the forest fire were obtained. Burnt areas were identified using data’s such as Normalized Burned Ratio (NBR) and Normalized Vegetation Index (NDVI) indices and Difference Normalized Burned Ratio (DNBR) and Difference Normalized Vegetation Index obtained by using the differences of these indices. The maximum similarity algorithm of pixel-based controlled classification was also applied to the data set. The area destroyed by burning after the forest fire was tried to be calculated with these two indexes. It was investigated whether the results of three different methods were compatible and consistent with the results of the General Directorate of Forestry. Although there are differences between the results, it was determined that the selected method and the materials used were suitable for such studies.
Determination of Comfort Zones in Landscape Planning in Niğde
(2023) Soydan, Orhun
Our cities, most of which do not show planned development, are turning into ecosystems that threaten the living life of the natural and cultural environment as a result of many environmental problems such as increasing human and building density and incorrect land use. This negative situation has the opportunity to be resolved with urban planning in which the physical structure of the city is balanced and with landscape plans that will create open and green areas in the city that contribute positively to human and environmental health. The urban heat island effect, which has emerged as a result of intense urbanization in recent years, creates problems for city residents. Unfortunately, most cities in the world face this negative climate phenomenon. It becomes difficult to combat the heat island effect, especially in cities where construction density increases unconsciously. Ecological planning appears as a factor that will prevent these problems from turning into important environmental problems in the future. The most important component to be considered in ecological planning is climate. In this study, thermal comfort areas were tried to be determined along Dr Sami Yağız Street, which is one of the most frequently used areas of Niğde. Temperature and humidity measurements were taken at 25 points at equal intervals on both sides of the street. Measurements were made on different days of the week and at 4 different times during the day. The obtained values were transferred to ArcGIS 10.3 software and maps were produced. A universal linear extension system was used in the evaluation of climate data, and climate factors and bioclimatically suitable areas on the street were determined and evaluated in terms of comfort level. It has been determined that the humidity rate in the study area varies according to measurement hours, and there is no significant change in temperature.
Determination of Forest Fire Risk Using GIS: A Case Study in Nigde, Turkey
(2022) Soydan, Orhun
The main purpose of this study is to develop a statistical model to prepare forest fire risk map using GIS. In this study eight important factors were used to determining the forest fire risk such as land use/land cover type, slope, aspect, altitude, settlement, road, temperature and precipitation. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to evaluate the factors. Precipitation and temperature were the most important factors to determining the forest fire risk. The study area has approximately 10.72% low fire risk, 28.21% moderate fire risk, 43.50% high fire risk, 14.65% very high fire risk, and 2.92% extreme forest fire risk. 61.07% of the study area has a high, very high and extreme forest fire risk. In order to prevent forest fires, land cover/land use should be planned in a way that does not damage forests. Especially vehicle roads, expressways, etc. which are located near the forests, have a high fire risk. Therefore, these areas should be planned in a way that will not damage the forests. The climatic characteristics of the study area should be examined, the urban texture should not be in a way to prevent microclimatic factors such as wind and precipitation.
Determination of Water Surface and Vegetation Change in Akkaya Reservoir Basin Using Remote Sensing Method
(2020) Soydan, Orhun
In the study, the temporal change analysis of Akkaya Reservoir in Niğde was made. The Reservoirwas established in 1964. The change of reservoir between 1999, 2009 and 2019 was analyzed usingremote sensing method. Satellite images used in the study belong to August (1999, 2009, 2019).MNDWI (Modified Normalized Difference Water Index) analysis was used. With the results of thisanalysis; the amount of water surfaces in the reservoir basin was calculated by years. After thisanalysis, NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) analysis was used and land cover typeswere determined by CORINE. It has been determined that the water surface map of 2009 covers alarger area compared to other years. When only the area where the reservoir is located is evaluatedby the polynomial equation (2nd degree), there may be a decrease of approximately 26% in thereservoir water surface area within 15 years. As a result of the study, it has been determined thatLandsat satellite data can be used to determine the water surface amounts. If study in smaller areaswill be done, use the lower resolution satellite images are suggested. In this study, MNDWI analysiswas found more successful than NDVI analysis to find water surface area. Multi-band satelliteimages provide important qualitative information in evaluating the functions used in ecosystembased planning studies.
Effects of landscape composition and patterns on land surface temperature: Urban heat island case study for Nigde, Turkey
(Elsevier, 2020) Soydan, Orhun
The urban climate has been disrupted with increasing urbanisation and consumption concepts, revealing climatic properties that affect human comfort conditions as a result of climate change. Decreasing vegetation and evaporative surfaces in cities, and increasing structural surfaces, such as concrete and asphalt, alter the topography, ecological structure, and atmospheric characteristics of nature, creating a different ecology and atmosphere. In this study, the relationship between the land surface temperatures (LSTs) of green and impervious surfaces was examined in Nigde, Turkey. Various satellite images were used, and statistical and geographical analyses were conducted. The results revealed that the LST values changed with the changing ratio of impervious and green surfaces, and have increased in Nigde over the past three decades even though the amount of green surfaces have increased. Furthermore, the LSTs of the impervious surfaces are 5-10 degrees C higher than that of the green surfaces. A correlation analysis showed that there was a significant difference in the LST values between green and impervious surfaces. Impervious surfaces contribute to the formation of the urban heat islands (UHIs), and green surfaces provide a cooling effect. Thus, increasing the amount of green surfaces in cities is crucial to improve urban life quality.
Evaluation of The Smart City Applications in Terms of Users: TheCase of Turkey
(2020) Soydan, Orhun; Benliay, Ahmet
Cities transform into dynamic, productive, innovative and attractive areas. Due to this transformation, some problems occur in urbanareas such as health, energy, traffic, waste management, air and water pollution, unplanned urbanization. The use of communicationand information technologies should be provided for solving these problems. The cities should be more livable, quality and functionalareas. Planners and designers should try to find solutions to urban problems, and they should action to make cities the more “smart”. Tocreate smart cities, areas must be transformed into more sustainable and livable. Smart cities focus on solutions such asmobility/transportation, clean energy, water-food production, health, life, and public participation. The aim of the study is to evaluatethe smart city applications in open-green areas according to user’s opinion. For this purpose, the questionnaire was made on 455 peoplewho are from all provinces and regions of the Turkey. The users who participated in the questionnaire, were selected on a voluntary.The results that were obtained from the questionnaire, were transferred to SPSS software, and analyses were made using some test inSPSS. The average of the answers that were given by the participants about the smart city applications, is slightly higher than the averageof the answers that were given about the park information systems. Most of the participants stated that they have demands about theinformation and technology, and smart city applications will increase the level of perception the cities. Finally, suggestions for the smartcity applications were made.
Examination of Air Quality of Dr. Sami Yağız Street in Niğde
(2023) Soydan, Orhun
Air pollution can be defined as the accumulation of gas, air, or particulate matter released as a result of fuel residues and chemical processes in the atmosphere in amounts that harm the lives of living things. Rapid urbanization, industrialization, increase in the number of motor vehicles, meteorological conditions, fuels used for heating, and the spread of industrial establishments and thermal power plants play an important role in the increase in air pollution. Air pollution is a major environmental problem affecting people in both developed and developing countries, and it is estimated that megacities in developing countries, and a quarter of the world's population are exposed to unhealthy concentrations of air pollutants. People living in cities with high outdoor air pollution are more likely to suffer from heart disease, respiratory problems, and lung cancer than those living in urban areas with clean air. In the industrialized western world, urban air pollution is in some respects in its final stages, with a dramatic decline in SO2 and soot levels. The increase in the number of private vehicles is a newly emerging problem. Rapid urbanization in most developing countries has so far led to uncontrolled growth and environmental degradation. Air pollution levels are still rising in many cities. In this study, air quality was tried to be measured along Dr. Sami Yağız Street, which is one of the most heavily used areas of Niğde. H2S, O2 and CO measurements were made at 25 points at equal intervals on both sides of the street. Measurements were made at a total of 4 different time periods per day. The obtained values were transferred to ArcGIS 10.3 software and maps were produced. Measurement of gases other than H2S is not distributed homogeneously along the street, and traffic density and the businesses on the sides of the street cause changes in the rates of the gases.
Examination of Urban Values of Kaleiçi Old Town in Terms of Landscape Architecture and Suggestions for Effective Use of Historical Sites
(2020) Soydan, Orhun
Objective: The aim of the study is that analysis of the spatial development of AntalyaKaleiçi region from past to today.Material and Methods: The materials were used in the study are that 1/1000 scalelandscape plan, 1/25000 scale present land use map, 1/5000 scale land use plan, 1/1000scale master plan, SWOT analysis, Literature related to the subject of study in Turkey andabroad (thesis, research projects, books and articles). Software (AutoCAD 2017, ArcGIS10.5, Erdas Imagine 15, Photoshop CS6, Google Earth, Netcad GIS 7.6, Microsoft Access,Microsoft Office Excel). Transportation analysis and environmental relations of Kaleiçiregion has been examined. The plants in the study area were identified. The urbanfurniture in the area were analysed Historical use of the study area has been examinedin detail. Solution proposals and sample projects for the study area were created. 3Dmodels have been developed.Results:The main problem for the study area is the transportation problem. The amountof the open and green areas in the study area was very low. The seating elements andgarbage were determined not sufficient. The problems are grouped under 5 mainfactors as parking, transportation, marina, revision, noise.Conclusion: It is seen as a result of the studies that it is not possible to prevent thedeterioration of the social and physical structure of the area through conservationplanning. In other words, the problems between the conservation planning approachand the implementation dimension in our country have been tried to be concretized inAntalya Kaleiçi Urban Protected Area by comparing the plan decisions with the currentsituation.
Investigation of Equipment Elements of the Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University Campus in Terms of Aesthetics and Functional Properties
(2020) Soydan, Orhun
In this study, equipment elements which have been used in Niğde Ömer HalisdemirUniversity campus, were analysed considering various criteria in terms of landscape architecture. In this study, lighting and flooring elements, trash cans, sitting elements etc. were evaluated considering some criteria such as maintenance, design, ergonomics, etc. Within the scope of the study, it has been determined whether the equipment elements in the campus meet the people needs. There are insufficient number of seating elements in the campus, security problems occur due to the lack of lighting elements in certain places. The bus stops in the campus are sufficient numerically, and they are in suitable areas in terms of location. In addition, the number of telephone booths and the number of trash cans in the campus are insufficient. The designs of the equipment elements are similar, and equipment elements have traditional design. As paving elements, key paving stones are used on pedestrian roads, so that in some areas, collapses occur, so fall, snag, etc. on pedestrian roads. Finally, suggestions for using equipment elements in campus areas were developed.
Investigation of The Sufficiency of Antalya Parks
(2021) Soydan, Orhun; Çetin, Nefise
Urban green spaces are areas established to meet the recreational needs of urban people. Although\rgreen spaces vary from country to country and region in terms of plan and design features, they\rwere basically created to allow people to meet with nature. Parks are the basic components of urban\rlandscapes that provide environmental and social functional value. Urban parks, in particular,\rprovide spaces for outdoor physical activities. In order to take advantage of the opportunities of\ractivities in the parks, users must have convenient access to these resources. One of the most\rimportant aspects for researching the use and potential benefits of urban green spaces is the\rassessment of their geographic accessibility. The widespread use of smart city systems and the\rgradual expansion of their usage areas increase the importance of spatial analysis. Spatial analyses\rare used in today’s urban management in the processes of determining social needs, identifying\rcurrent problems, and putting forward solutions. When spatial analyses are used together with GIS,\rthe field of application develops even more, and it supports local governments in responding to the\rchanging demands of the society for a better life. In the study, the adequacy and accessibility of 160\rcity parks in Konyaaltı District of Antalya Province were examined. In terms of the adequacy of the\rparks, the area value of 10 m2 per person determined with the Construction Plan numbered 3194\rwas taken as basis. In terms of accessibility, distance values of 200, 400, 800, 1,200 meters were\rexamined. Neighborhood boundaries and population information were obtained from the relevant\runits, and Arc-GIS software was used in the analysis. It was determined that the parks in Konyaaltı\rdistrict were insufficient in terms of adequacy and accessibility. Finally, suggestions were made in\rterms of increasing the adequacy of the parks and ensuring accessibility.
Kent Parklarının Kullanıcı Memnuniyetinin Niğde Örneğindeİncelenmesi
(2020) Soydan, Orhun
Kent parkları, rekreasyon ve eğlenmeye olanak vermeleri, şehir içinde açık ve yeşil alanlar oluşturulmaları ve doğa ile insan arasındakiuyumun sağlanması açısından kentlere sayısız katkıda bulunmaktadırlar. Parklar, insanların fiziksel ve psikolojik ihtiyaçlarınıkarşılamak için tasarlanmış en kritik alanlardır. Ayrıca parklar, insanların kentleşmeden dolasıyla betonlaşan alanlardan kaçmaları içinmekânlar yaratmakta, kentsel alanlarda kullanıcıların yaşam kalitesini iyileştirmektedirler. Parklar tarafından sunulan aktivite fırsatlarıve parkların yeri ve erişilebilirliği kullanıcıların parkları tercih nedenini etkileyen en önemli faktörlerin başında gelmektedirler. Sağlıklıve sürdürülebilir kentler açısından parkların kullanıcıların talepleri doğrultusunda tasarlanması ve kullanıcıların refahı ileilişkilendirilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada; kent parklarının çevresel bileşenlerinin ve tasarım özelliklerinin kullanıcı görüşleridoğrultusunda belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Niğde kentinde parklar seçilirken parkların konumları, büyüklükleri ve içerisindebulundurdukları peyzaj öğeleri dikkate alınmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında; Niğde kent parklarında kullanıcı memnuniyetinin belirlenmesiamacıyla anket formu hazırlanmış ve 400 kişi üzerinden anket çalışması yapılmıştır. Anket çalışmasına katılan kullanıcılar gönüllülükesasına dayalı olarak seçilmişlerdir. Görüşmelerden elde edilen sonuçlar SPSS yazılımına aktarılmış ve t testi ile analiz edilmiştir.Çalışma kapsamında, parklara ait hâlihazır haritalar ve uydu görüntüleri kullanılmıştır. Anket çalışması sonucunda; park içerisindebulunan faaliyet alanlarının ve parkların tasarımının kullanıcıların tercihini etkilediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca kullanıcı görüşleridoğrultusunda parkların temiz ve bakımlı olduğu, ancak parklarda tercih edilen bitkisel öğelerin ve donatı elemanlarının sayısınınyetersiz olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmanın son kısmında kent parklarının kullanıcılar açısından daha çok tercih edilmesi için dikkatedilmesi gereken kriterler önerilmiştir.
Landscape design for autism spectrum disorder: Case study of Niğde
(Peter Lang AG, 2020) Benliay, Ahmet; Soydan, Orhun
Autism spectrum disorder refers to a broad range of conditions characterized by challenges with social skills, repetitive behaviours, speech, and nonverbal communication. There are many subtypes, most influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. The reason of many symptoms of autistic individuals is sensory integration, it is the power to understand, organize, and feel sensory data from the environment and self. The aim of this study is establishing a group of guidelines for landscape design for individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder with the sensory integration. The research was carried out with the teachers and psychologists of Special Education Schools in Niğde who have trained for and worked with autistic individuals for a long time. Within the scope of the study, it has been tried to determine which design principles can be used in a landscape design by the use of these expert views. © Peter Lang AG 2020.
Noise pollutions depending on weather conditions in Antalya city
(Parlar Scientific Publications, 2020) Soydan, Orhun; Benliay, Ahmet
Noise pollution is the most prominent environmental problems in daily life. Noise pollution causes various serious health problems for people. Special precaution should be taken to prevent noise pollution especially in hospitals, parks, and educational areas which are sensitive to noise. Antalya city has only one central district. In the study, noise levels were measured on the 100. year boulevard in Antalya, Turkey. Results of the study revealed that the average noise level was change from 36.92 dB (A) to 82.68 dB (A). The noise distribution maps belong to the study area were made by using result from measurement in the morning - daytime (07:00-19:00), evening (19:00-23:00) and night (23:00-07:00). Artificial Neural Networks method was used to determine the wind forecast values for the next years. Measurement data obtained from morning, noon and evening were transferred to the artificial neural network software and noise estimation tables were created. A total of 12 noise pollution maps were done using kriging method in Arc- GIS Software. As a result of these maps, areas that have problems in terms of noise pollution were identified and recommendations were developed. © by PSP.
NOISE POLLUTIONS DEPENDING ON WEATHER CONDITIONS IN ANTALYA CITY
(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2020) Soydan, Orhun; Benliay, Ahmet
Noise pollution is the most prominent environmental problems in daily life. Noise pollution causes various serious health problems for people. Special precaution should be taken to prevent noise pollution especially in hospitals, parks, and educational areas which are sensitive to noise. Antalya city has only one central district. In the study, noise levels were measured on the 100. year boulevard in Antalya, Turkey. Results of the study revealed that the average noise level was change from 36.92 dB (A) to 82.68 dB (A). The noise distribution maps belong to the study area were made by using result from measurement in the morning - daytime (07:00-19:00), evening (19:00-23:00) and night (23:00-07:00). Artificial Neural Networks method was used to determine the wind forecast values for the next years. Measurement data obtained from morning, noon and evening were transferred to the artificial neural network software and noise estimation tables were created. A total of 12 noise pollution maps were done using kriging method in ArcGIS Software. As a result of these maps, areas that have problems in terms of noise pollution were identified and recommendations were developed.
OUTDOOR LIGHTING DESIGN INVESTIGATION IN EXAMPLE OF UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL
(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2021) Benliay, Ahmet; Soydan, Orhun
The aim of this study is that examination of outdoor lighting design of Akdeniz University Medical Faculty Hospital. Documents and projects about the hospital's lighting design were obtained from the related units, and these materials were analyzed using computer software. The study area was divided into hexagons with each corner of 10 x 10 meters. Lux values of the each points on hexagons were measured for determining the current lighting values using lux-meter. As a result, it has been determined that the parking, green spaces, vehicle roads, building entrances and green areas in the hospital were lighted with 0 - 10 lux more than the standards. There were differences between hospital lighting design and standards due to land use. Land use was disregarded while lighting design was made for hospital. Some areas were far above standards; on the contrary some areas were far below standards. While choosing the locations of the lighting elements at the design stage, the height of the plants which will get in the future, should be considered, and should be supported the efficiency of the lighting elements with periodic maintenance in the future.
Peyzaj Tasarımında Kullanılan Aydınlatma Elemanı Yüksekliği ve Döşeme Malzemesi İlişkisinin Yapay Sinir Ağı Analizi Kullanılarak Belirlenmesi
(2020) Soydan, Orhun; Benliay, Ahmet
Ekolojik sürdürülebilirlik, bir alanda bulunan bitkilerin, canlıların ve toprağın birlikte gelişimi ile mümkün olmaktadır. Aydınlatma sonucu ortaya çıkan ışık kirliliği, yansıma, sıcaklık vb. etkilerinden dolayı canlı ve cansız öğeler üzerinde olumsuz etkilere sahip olabilmektedir. Bu yüzden uygun bir aydınlatma tasarımı ile bu olumsuz etkiler azaltılmalı ve ekolojik sürdürülebilirlik sağlanmalıdır. Ekonomik sürdürülebilirlik ise maliyetin düşük tutulması ve uygun peyzaj tasarımlarının oluşturulması ile mümkün olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Antalya ili Konyaaltı ve Muratpaşa ilçesinde bulunan 3 parktaki aydınlatma elemanlarının yükseklikleri ve yer döşemeleri arasındaki ilişkinin peyzaj tasarımı – peyzaj mühendisliği açısından uygunlukları araştırılmıştır. Zemine düşen ve göze yansıyan ışık (lüks) değerlerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla 2.688 noktadan ölçüm yapılmıştır. Ölçümler Türkiye’nin boy ortalaması olan 1,65 metreden yapılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında belirlenen noktalar tesadüfen seçilmiştir. Microsoft Excel yazılımında hazırlanan veriler Neural Designer (Yapay Sinir Ağları) yazılımında, danışmanlı öğrenme için yapay sinir ağı eğitiminde kullanılmıştır. Oluşturulan çalışma modeli ile aydınlatma elemanlarının her bir yükseklik değeri için döşeme elemanlarına düşebilecek olan ve yansıyan ışık miktarı için tahminler oluşturulmuştur. Yapay sinir ağlarının vermiş olduğu tahmin değerlerine göre travertenin 0,60, 0,70 ve 10,00 metre yüksekliğindeki aydınlatma elemanları için, göze yansıyan ve yere düşen ışık miktarı açısından en uygun doğal döşeme elemanı olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Andezit; 0,70, 3,00 ve 4,25 metre yüksekliğindeki aydınlatma elemanları için göze yansıyan ışık miktarı açısından düşük değerlere sahip olması, aynı zamanda homojen ışık düşürmesi nedeniyle uygun olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Asfalt, yapay döşeme elemanları arasında en uygun malzeme olarak önerilmiştir.
Redesigning Landscape Equipments with Parametric Design: The Case of Konyaaltı Expo 2016 Park
(2022) Benliay, Ahmet; Soydan, Orhun
In this study, it is aimed to redesign some of the landscape equipment of Konyaaltı Expo 2016 Park with a parametric design approach and to compare the park with the existing ones. For this purpose, the landscape equipment’s in Konyaaltı Expo 2016 Park, which was determined as the study material, were photographed, and analyzed. Using these data, opinions were taken from a group of ten experts, and it was determined which equipment should be redesigned. By targeting the redesigns to be made within the scope of the study, a literature search was made on the concept of Parametric Design and the examples made with parametric design were examined. Models of the new reinforcement elements proposed for Konyaaltı Expo 2016 Park were prepared with the Grasshopper tool and rendered images taken with the help of Lumion software. The evaluation of these designs in terms of aesthetics, economics and functionality, their suitability and how acceptable they are, was determined by asking the experts through a questionnaire. In line with the results of the survey, existing reinforcement elements and parametric design reinforcement elements were compared, and the possibilities and possible restrictions were examined.

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