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Öğe Allele Mining for Molecular Breeding in Potato(CRC Press, 2024) Naeem, Muhammad; Yavuz, Caner; Çalışkan, Mehmet EminPotato has great genetic diversity that has been lost during the process of domestication. Due to this constraint, modern breeding programs rely on limited genetic resources for the improvement of potato. Allele mining helps in the identification of target alleles, and novel genes of known functions along with their sequence within the diverse germplasm collections controlling key traits. The wild potato relatives and landraces found at the diversity center serve as excellent germplasm for exploring the allelic variation and candidate genes to develop allele-specific markers to screen against particular traits. Moreover, the availability of genome sequence in potato, especially for wild relatives, such as S. commersonii, provide insights into genome evolution and mining of significant genes/alleles associated with various traits of economic value. The current chapter highlights important genomic regions (genes/alleles) originated from wild potato germplasm conferring tolerance/resistance against abiotic, biotic and tuber-related characteristics. The understanding of natural allelic variation will prove to be worthy in marker-assisted selection and identification of new haplotypes. © 2024 selection and editorial matter, Chittaranjan Kole, Tusar Kanti Behera, and Prashant Kaushik; individual chapters, the contributors.Öğe Apprehending the potential of BABY BOOM transcription factors to mitigate cotton regeneration and transformation(Springernature, 2020) Yavuz, Caner; Tillaboeva, Shakhnozakhan; Bakhsh, AllahSince the advent of transgenic technology, the incorporation of gene(s) encoding traits of economic importance in cotton is being practiced worldwide. However, factors like recalcitrant nature of cotton cultivars, in vitro regeneration via tissue culture (especially via somatic embryogenesis), genotype dependency, long and toilsome protocols impede the pace of development of transgenic cotton. Besides that, types and age of explants, media composition, plant growth regulators and other environmental factors affect in vitro cotton regeneration significantly. The studies of genetic control of in vitro regeneration in plants have elucidated the role of certain transcription factor genes that are induced and expressed during somatic embryogenesis. Among these transcription factors, BABY BOOM (BBM) plays a very important role in signal transduction pathway, leading to cell differentiation and somatic embryos formation. The role of BBM has been established in plant cell proliferation, growth and development even without exogenous growth regulators. This review intends to provide an informative summary of regeneration and transformation problems in cotton and the latest developments in utilization of BBM transcription factors in cotton. We believe that the use of BBM will not only ease cotton genetic improvement but will also accelerate cotton breeding programmes.Öğe Assessing genetic diversity of potato genotypes using inter-PBS retrotransposon marker system(Cambridge Univ Press, 2018) Demirel, Ufuk; Tindas, IlKnur; Yavuz, Caner; Baloch, Faheem Shehzad; Caliskan, Mehmet EminHaving knowledge on genetic similarity and DNA profile of potato genotypes facilitates a breeder's decision for parent selection and provides accurate variety identification. Fingerprinting and identification of genetic similarity among 151 potato genotypes were achieved using an inter-primer-binding sites (iPBS) retrotransposon marker system. Our study is the first application of iPBS markers for fingerprinting and distinguishing large numbers of Solanum tuberosum genotypes. Initially, 16 potato genotypes were screened using 45 iPBS retrotransposon markers to identify polymorphisms. Seventeen of these primers were selected for fingerprinting the whole set of accessions due to strong, reproducible and polymorphic bands. The 17 iPBS primers produced 290 scorable bands of which 224 were polymorphic. The number of bands per primer ranged from 10 to 26 with an average of 17.1. The number of polymorphic bands per primer was between 6 and 21. The polymorphism percentage per primer ranged from 46.2 to 100.0% with an average of 77.2% per primer. The mean polymorphism information content (PIC) values of iPBS primers varied from 0.12 to 0.31 per primer. Genetic similarity based on Jaccard's coefficient of potato genotypes ranged from 0.61 to 0.93 with an average of 0.73. The data produced herein may be used for selection of appropriate parents and variety description in the future. The findings of the present study suggest that iPBS retrotransposons are powerful and easy DNA markers for fingerprinting the large samples of potato germplasm.Öğe Bazı Fasulye (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Çeşitlerinde Tam ve Kısıtlı Sulama Uygulamalarının Tane Kalitesi Üzerine Etkisi(2018) Çalışkan, Sevgi; Aytekin, Ramazan İlhan; Yağız, Ayten Kübra; Yavuz, CanerBu çalışma, tam ve kısıtlı sulamanın farklı fasulye çeşitlerinden elde edilen tohumlarınyaş ve kuru tohum ağırlığı, su alma kapasitesi, su alma indeksi, kuru ve ıslak hacim,şişme kapasitesi, şişme indeksi, protein oranı ve pişme süresi gibi kalite özelliklerinibelirlemek amacıyla Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri veTeknolojileri Fakültesi Laboratuvarında yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada sekiz farklı fasulyeçeşidi (Yunus 90, Cihan, Göynük 98, Batalla, Alberto, Arslan, Zirve, Noyanbey 98)kullanılmıştır. Deneme, tesadüf bloklarında bölünmüş parseller deneme desenine göre 3tekrarlamalı olarak kurulmuştur. Çalışma sonucunda, incelenen tüm özelliklerbakımından uygulamalar ve çeşitler arasında istatistiksel anlamda farklılıklar meydanagelmiştir. Kısıtlı sulama uygulamasından elde edilen tohumlar, incelenen tüm özelliklerbakımından daha düşük değerler vermiştir. Kuru ve yaş ağırlık, su alma kapasitesi veindeksi, şişme kapasitesi ve indeksi, kuru ve yaş hacim, pişme süresi ve protein oranıüzerine çeşitlerin istatistiki etkisi olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmamızda pişme süresinintane iriliği ile ilişkili olduğu; iri taneli çeşitlerde pişme süresinin arttığı belirlenmiştir.Ayrıca çalışmada, generatif dönemde ortaya çıkabilecek su kısıntısının kuru fasulyedetohum kalitesini olumsuz etkilediği, bu dönemde topraktaki yarayışlı su kapasitesinin%50’nin altına düşürülmemesi gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır.Öğe Comparison of Aeroponics and Conventional Potato Mini Tuber Production Systems at Different Plant Densities(Springer, 2021) Caliskan, Mehmet Emin; Yavuz, Caner; Yagiz, Ayten Kubra; Demirel, Ufuk; Caliskan, SevgiMini tubers are the starting materials of a disease-free seed potato production scheme. Low multiplication rates as well as non-homogenous tuber size distribution are considered the main constraints of a conventional mini tuber production system. In recent years, an aeroponics production system has been developed to overcome the aforementioned problems. It has previously been observed that this system allows multiple harvests with an average yield of 20-50 mini tubers per plant. Several factors, such as cultivar, planting density, nutrient composition of the mist solution, spraying interval and duration and lighting also affect both tuber number and tuber size. However, less attention has been paid to the association of these factors with the aeroponics system. This paper highlights the importance of planting density effect on conventional and aeroponics system. The mini tuber production performances of three potato cultivars (Hermes, Marabel and Sante) were compared at four different planting densities (25, 50, 100 and 200 plants/m(2)) under both conventional and aeroponics systems in two production cycles. The number of tubers per plant increased with decreasing planting density, being highest at 25 plants/m(2)and lowest at 200 plants/m(2)for both cycles. Mean tuber number in the aeroponic system was 19.85 tubers per plant at 25 plants/m(2)and 13.20 tubers per plant at 200 plants/m(2). As the number of tubers per plant decreased, so did their size. As planting density increased, tuber yield per plant both in aeroponics and conventional system decreased, but in general, tuber yield per plant was higher in aeroponics than in the conventional system. In the 1st cycle, the number of tubers per m(2)for Hermes, Sante and Marabel was 290, 364 and 334, respectively, in the conventional system and 787, 1021 and 1168, respectively, in the aeroponics system. Similar numbers were recorded in the 2nd cycle. The average tuber weight was higher in the conventional than in the aeroponics system. Tuber yield/m(2)in this study varied from 5.9 to 9.3 kg/m(2)in the aeroponics system, about twice as high as in the conventional system.Öğe Developing haploid plants by ectopically expressing homologous BABY BOOM (BBM) genes in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and soybean (Glycine max)(Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi, 2023) Yavuz, Caner; Çalışkan, Mehmet EminHaploid bitki geliştirmek için kullanılan konvansiyonel tekniklerin rekalsitrant bitkilerde etkin bir şekilde kullanılamamasından dolayı yeni tekniklerin uygulanması oldukça önem kazanmaktadır. Bunun için özellikle soyada ve sorgumda alternatif yaklaşımlara ihtiyaç duyulmaktaktadır. Yeni sistemlere örnek olarak BABY BOOM (BBM) geninin, çeltik, mısır ve tütünde, darıdaki ortoloğunun ifadelenmesiyle ya da yumurta hücresinde ektopik ifadelenmesiyle haploid indüksiyonu çok yüksek oranlarda teşvik ettiği bilinmektedir. Bu tez çalışmasında, nativ sorgum BBM-like genlerinin ve soya GmBBM1 geninin haploid indüksiyon başarısını gözlemlemek için Arabidopsis'ten klonlanan yumurta hücresine özgü promotör, DD45, kullanılarak yumurta hücresinde ektopik olarak ifadelenmesi sağlanmıştır. BBM genleri ve DD45 promotörü içeren vektörler başarıyla tasarlanmıştır. Ploidi seviyesi akış sitometrisi ile T 0 bitkilerinden elde edilen tohumların çimlendirilmesiyle oluşan T 1 bitkilerinden örnek alınarak ve kök ucundaki kromozom sayısı sayılarak kontrol edilmiştir ve analiz sonucunda, üç farklı transgenik soya hattında, 18-4 (3), 37-4 (Y2) and 46Y2 (3), haploid hücre ve anöploidi ile ilişkili kromozomal anomallikler oluştuğu tespit edilmiştir.Öğe Effects of Growth Regulators, Media and Explant Types on Microtuberization of Potato(Springer, 2020) Yagiz, Ayten Kubra; Yavuz, Caner; Tarim, Cehibe; Demirel, Ufuk; Caliskan, Mehmet EminMicrotubers (MT) are an innovative approach for nuclear seed production in potato (Solanum tuberosumL.). They are produced under in vitro conditions using different protocols. However, content and type of growth media as well as explant types significantly affect the MT production efficiency. This study was conducted to develop an efficient protocol for MT production by evaluating different growth regulators at different concentrations, types of growth media and explants in two separate experiments. In Experiment 1, the effects of six different growth regulators, and their three application rates on MT formation were compared. The effects of two growth media and three explant types on MT production were compared in Experiment 2. As a result, our studies indicated that cotton based liquid MS medium containing 0.1 mg L(-1)Thidiazuron, and using whole plants as explant can be used for efficient MT production in potato.Öğe Genome editing for nutrient use efficiency in crops(Springer International Publishing, 2022) Yağiz, Ayten Kübra; Yavuz, Caner; Naeem, Muhammad; Dangol, Sarbesh Das; Aksoy, EmrePlant breeders have concentrated on increasing the yields, and in turn, the production in the last century to meet the increasing food demand, while ignoring the nutrition values of staple food crops. However, the malnutrition pandemic showed us that plant breeding should also focus on enhancing the nutritional quality of staple foods. Therefore, crop biofortification is one of the major goals of today's agriculture to eliminate malnutrition in the world. There are different strategies of crop biofortification, ranging from conventional to molecular breeding to transgenics. On the one hand, crop breeding seems to be a logical strategy to develop new nutritious varieties, but it takes much longer and requires manpower. On the other hand, transgenic technologies can shorten the time to develop new varieties and require less effort. Even though the obvious advantages of the transgenic technologies, transgenic crop varieties cannot be taken to the market because of strong public opposition. For this very reason, genome editing can facilitate transgene-free variety production. CRISPR/Cas-based genome editing has been used in many aspects of plant science to understand the function of the gene(s), to develop stress-tolerant varieties, and of course to develop biofortified crops. This chapter describes crop biofortification studies using conventional transgenic and genome editing technologies. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022. All rights reseverd.Öğe Genome-wide characterization and expression analysis of GATA transcription factors under combination of light wavelengths and drought stress in potato(John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2024) Aksoy, Emre; Yavuz, Caner; Yagiz, Ayten Kuebra; Unel, Necdet Mehmet; Baloglu, Mehmet CengizGATA is one of the prominent transcription factor families conserved among many organisms in eukaryotes and has different biological roles in many pathways, particularly in light regulation in plants. Although GATA transcription factors (TFs) have been identified in different crop species, their roles in abiotic stress tolerance have not been studied in potato. In this study, we identified 32 GATA TFs in potato (Solanum tuberosum) by in silico analyses, and expression levels of selected six genes were investigated in drought-tolerant (Sante) and sensitive (Agria) cultivars under light, drought, and combined (light + drought) stress conditions. According to the phylogenetic results, StGATA TFs were divided into four main groups (I, II, III, and IV) and different sub-groups in I and II (eight and five, respectively). StGATA genes were uniformly localized to each chromosome with a conserved exon/intron structure. The presence of cis-elements within the StGATA family further supported the possible involvement in abiotic stress tolerance and light response, tissue-specific expression, and hormonal regulation. Additional PPI investigations showed that these networks, especially for Groups I, II, and IV, play a significant role in response to light and drought stress. Six StGATAs were chosen from these groups for expressional profiling, and their expression in both Sante and Agria was mainly downregulated under purple and red lights, drought, and combined stress (blue + drought and purple + drought). The interactomes of selected StGATAs, StGATA3, StGATA24, and StGATA29 were analyzed, and the accessions with GATA motifs were checked for expression. The results showed that the target proteins, cyclin-P3-1, SPX domain-containing protein 1, mitochondrial calcium uniporter protein 2, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase YODA, and splicing factor 3 B subunit 4-like, mainly play a role in phytochrome-mediated stomatal patterning, development, and activity. Understanding the interactions between drought stress and the light response mechanisms in potato plants is essential. It will eventually be possible to enhance potato resilience to climate change by manipulating the TFs that play a role in these pathways.Öğe History, production, current trends, and future prospects(Elsevier, 2022) Çalışkan, Mehmet Emin; Yousaf, M. Farhan; Yavuz, Caner; Zia, M. Abu Bakar; Çalışkan, SevgiPotato is grown in more than 150 countries all around the world, and total production reached up to 359.1 million tons. It has a high nutrient quality that its tuber contains carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins, and essential amino acids. Due to its wide range of uses as a crop for food, feed, and industrial raw materials as well as its recommendation as a food security crop in light of the world's expanding population and associated food supply issues, potato-based production systems present increasingly significant opportunities. Sustainable potato production is critical for future food security and social sustainability. Therefore, scientists and farmers develop strategies to cope with climate change and match crop demands to environmental conditions. This chapter gives an introduction about the origin of the potato and subsequently spread throughout the world and different production systems for potato cultivation. © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Öğe Identification of BABY BOOM-like genes (SbBBM) in Sorghum [(Sorghum bicolor) L. Moench](Springer Heidelberg, 2022) Yavuz, Caner; Caliskan, Mehmet EminRecalcitrant plants are difficult to handle in tissue culture, and this limits their accessibility for various studies. Novel strategies are being developed to compensate the restricted nature of these plants to make them more adapted to tissue culture applications. Sorghum is one of the most recalcitrant plants with decreased efficiency and non-standardized tissue culture protocols. The advances in embryogenic genes ease the somatic embryo formation and regeneration ability in sorghum. BABY BOOM (BBM) is the most prominent transcription factor involved in somatic embryogenesis, even without exogenous auxin application, the spontaneous somatic embryo formation could occur in plants, which makes this gene(s) an optimal target for recalcitrant plants. This study is designed to characterize SbBBM-like genes in sorghum. Two similar length of protein pairs, SbBBM-like 1 (XP_021313568.1) and SbBBM-like 2 (XP_002452443.1), were identified in cv. Aldari and cis-regulatory elements of these proteins were observed to be involved in particularly light response and hormonal regulation. The protein -protein interaction data indicated possible role in auxin mechanism. The expression data showed SbBBM-like was highly expressed in seedling root and embryogenic callus, however the expression was highest in embryogenic callus for SbBBM-like 2 with almost 200-fold increase, compared to other tissues.Öğe Identification of BABY BOOM-like genes (SbBBM) in Sorghum [(Sorghum bicolor) L. Moench] (Sept, 10.1007/s42976-021-00210-9, 2021)(Springer Heidelberg, 2022) Yavuz, Caner; Caliskan, Mehmet Emin[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Induction of chromosomal aberrations with ectopic expression of native BABY BOOM1 (GmBBM1) in soybean(Springer, 2024) Yavuz, Caner; Tek, Ahmet L.; Caliskan, Mehmet EminHaploid induction is of great importance in the breeding of cross-pollinated crops such as maize, and it also expedites the development of new varieties in a shorter period in self-pollinated crops, i.e. soybean. The success rate of traditional techniques is almost negligible at less than 1%, and their applicability is dependent on external factors in soybean. There is a lack of standardized and reproducible systems, which makes it challenging to adopt the existing systems for haploid plant production. Therefore, there is a high demand for implementing innovative approaches for this crop due to the limitations of conventional methods. The BABY BOOM (BBM) gene, which generated haploidy at high rates (> 80%) when expressed in pearl millet or through ectopic expression in the egg cells of rice, maize, and tobacco, is a novel example with promising potential. In this study, we used the egg cell-specific promoter DD45, which was cloned from Arabidopsis, to ectopically express the native soybean BBM1 (GmBBM1) gene in soybean to observe the response to haploidy induction. Initially, the clone pDD45:GmBBM1 was successfully constructed and confirmed by PCR and Sanger sequencing. The construct was subsequently transformed into soybean via a half-seed approach. The expression of GmBBM1 in both flowers and leaves increased in the T-0 transgenic soybean lines. The T-0 plants and their seeds showed developmental abnormalities described by early senescence and flowering; however, the T-1 plants exhibited normal growth characteristics. The ploidy levels of the T-1 and T-2 plants were determined by flow cytometry and chromosome counting. The flow cytometry histograms revealed haploidy in the T-1 generation; however, further chromosome counting in T-2 plants revealed changes in chromosome number, and aneuploidy, which may be due to spontaneous doubling. This system is especially important in legume crops, as no reports exist on the application of the BBM1 system in soybean. Our study will provide valuable insights for future research and advancing soybean breeding with haploid induction.Öğe Patateste sanayilik çeşit ıslahında markör yardımlı seleksiyonun uygulama olanakları(Niğde Üniversitesi / Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2016) Yavuz, Caner; Çalışkan, Mehmet EminSanayilik patates çeşidi geliştirme amacıyla uygulanan ıslah programlarında, kuru madde oranı, özgül ağırlık, kızartma sonrası renk, nişasta ve indirgen şeker içeriği analizleri yapılmaktadır. Arazide çok sayıda ıslah hattı bulunduğundan olası sanayilik hatların seçilimi hem zaman almakta hem de yüksek maliyete ihtiyaç duymaktadır. Bu tez çalışmasında, sanayilik kullanıma uygunluğu belirleyen özelliklere ilişkin genlerle bağlantılı olduğu belirlenen moleküler markörler (AGPsS-9a, Stp23-8b, StpL-3e ve Pain1-8c) kullanılarak, farklı melez ailelerindeki ıslah hatları taranmıştır. Ayrıca bu melez ailelerinde bulunan hatlarda kuru madde, özgül ağırlık, indirgen şeker içeriği belirlenmiş olup cips ve parmak patates renk değerleri ölçülmüştür. Elde edilen analizlerin sonucunda Stp23-8b, StpL-3e ve AGPsS-9a için yeni karakter-markör ilişkileri bulunmuştur. Önceki çalışmada tespit edilen markör-karakter ilişkileri bu çalışmada kullanılan popülasyonlar için çok seçici olmamıştır çünkü bir popülasyonda bulunan ilişki diğer bir popülasyonda olmadığından markörlerin tekrarlanabilirlik oranları oldukça düşük kalmıştır. Yapılan çalışma, sanayilik karakterlerin markörle seçilimi bakımından yararlı bir çalışma olmuştur.Öğe Physiological, Biochemical, and Transcriptional Responses to Single and Combined Abiotic Stress in Stress-Tolerant and Stress-Sensitive Potato Genotypes(Frontiers Media Sa, 2020) Demirel, Ufuk; Morris, Wayne L.; Ducreux, Laurence J. M.; Yavuz, Caner; Asim, Arslan; Tindas, Ilknur; Campbell, RaymondPotato production is often constrained by abiotic stresses such as drought and high temperatures which are often present in combination. In the present work, we aimed to identify key mechanisms and processes underlying single and combined abiotic stress tolerance by comparative analysis of tolerant and susceptible cultivars. Physiological data indicated that the cultivars Desiree and Unica were stress tolerant while Agria and Russett Burbank were stress susceptible. Abiotic stress caused a greater reduction of photosynthetic carbon assimilation in the susceptible cultivars which was associated with a lower leaf transpiration rate. Oxidative stress, as estimated by the accumulation of malondialdehyde was not induced by stress treatments in any of the genotypes with the exception of drought stress in Russett Burbank. Stress treatment resulted in increases in ascorbate peroxidase activity in all cultivars except Agria which increased catalase activity in response to stress. Transcript profiling highlighted a decrease in the abundance of transcripts encoding proteins associated with PSII light harvesting complex in stress tolerant cultivars. Furthermore, stress tolerant cultivars accumulated fewer transcripts encoding a type-1 metacaspase implicated in programmed cell death. Stress tolerant cultivars exhibited stronger expression of genes associated with plant growth and development, hormone metabolism and primary and secondary metabolism than stress susceptible cultivars. Metabolite profiling revealed accumulation of proline in all genotypes following drought stress that was partially suppressed in combined heat and drought. On the contrary, the sugar alcohols inositol and mannitol were strongly accumulated under heat and combined heat and drought stress while galactinol was most strongly accumulated under drought. Combined heat and drought also resulted in the accumulation of Valine, isoleucine, and lysine in all genotypes. These data indicate that single and multiple abiotic stress tolerance in potato is associated with a maintenance of CO2 assimilation and protection of PSII by a reduction of light harvesting capacity. The data further suggests that stress tolerant cultivars suppress cell death and maintain growth and development via fine tuning of hormone signaling, and primary and secondary metabolism. This study highlights potential targets for the development of stress tolerant potato cultivars.Öğe The Impact of COVID-19 on Agriculture(Springer International Publishing, 2022) Çaliskan, Mehmet Emin; Yagiz, Ayten Kübra; Yavuz, CanerThis chapter, “The Impact of COVID-19 on Agriculture, " describes the situation, that agriculture plays a vital role in food supply and its sustainability for all countries, irrespective of their development level. The agricultural sector consists of the entire food chain, from farm to fork. As COVID-19 has had enormous effects on the entire sector, all these steps should be considered to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on agriculture. After the pandemic, governments have taken precautions to different extents, such as the lockdown of public places, putting some regions in quarantine, or imposing restrictions on domestic and/or international travel, which changes the food demand in the population. The stocks were run out for a while in many countries, and the food industry has to face this crisis. Also, agriculture uses manpower for many production steps depending on countries. However, after the pandemic, firms have slogged to find labor, and also they needed to take precautions to spread coronavirus in managements. This also affected cost and processing procedures. This situation led countries to one of two scenarios; the first one is increasing the international relationships and make easy to overcome this kind of crisis, and the second one is to obtain their food supply chain. In this chapter, the effects of COVID-19 on the entire agricultural production and supply chain will be discussed. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022.Öğe Türkiye'deki patates genotiplerinin moleküler karakterizasyonu ve genetik çeşitliliklerinin belirlenmesi(2015) Demirel, Ufuk; Baloch, Faheem Shahzad; Çaylı, İlknur Tındaş; Yavuz, Caner; Cihangiroğlu, Buse LeylaBu proje ile Türkiye?de bulunan patates genotiplerinin genetik çe?itliliğinin belirlenmesi ve moleküler karakterizasyonlarının yapılması amaçlanmı?tır. Türkiye?deki ıslah programlarında, ebeveyn olarak kullanılan patates genotiplerinin tarımsal karakterleri bilinmekte fakat genotipik özellikleri hakkında yeterli bilgi bulunmamaktadır. Islahta gen kaynağı olarak kullanılacak genotiplerin genotipik özelliklerinin bilinmesi, ıslah ba?arısını arttıran önemli etkenlerden birisidir. Bunun yanında, tohumluk ticaretinde doğru tohumluğun üretilmesi ve pazarlanması çok önemlidir. Doğru çe?idin tohumluğunun üretildiğini ve pazarlandığını te?his edebilmek için ilgili çe?itlerin daha önceden tanımlanmı? olması zorunludur. Çe?it tanımlamasını ve te?hisini kolayla?tırmak için son yıllarda DNA markörlerinden yararlanılmaktadır. Türkiye?deki patates genotiplerinin DNA profilleri hakkında ülkemizde yetersiz bilgi olmasından dolayı, çe?it te?hisinde moleküler yöntemlerden yararlanılamamaktadır. Patateste genetik çe?itliliğin belirlenmesi ve DNA profillerinin olu?turulması için bugüne kadar birçok DNA markör sistemi kullanılmı?tır. Bu proje kapsamında çe?itli avantajları nedeniyle iPBS retrotranspozon markör sistemi kullanılmı?tır. Retrotranpozonlar içerisinde en yüksek miktarda bulunan tür LTR-retrotranspozonlardır. Patates genomunun %62.2?si tekrar dizilerinden olu?urken, LTR-retrotranspozonlar patates genomun %29.44?ünü kapsamaktadır. Genomun her yerine dağılmaları, genomda yüksek kopya sayılarının olması ve kromozomların içerisinde geni? alana yayılım göstermeleri nedeniyle retrotranspozonların moleküler markör kaynağı olarak mükemmel potansiyele sahip oldukları bildirilmektedir. iPBS retrotranspozon markör sistemi kullanılarak yapılan bu çalı?ma sonucunda, ülkemizdeki patates ıslah çalı?malarına yardımcı olacak ön ıslah verileri üretilmi?tir. Bu veriler, ülkemizde yürütülecek patates ıslah programlarında yüksek varyasyon olu?turmak için uygun ebeveynleri seçmek amacıyla kullanılabilecektir. Bunun yanında, Ülkemizde tarımı yapılan ticari patates çe?itleri ile bazı ıslah programlarında yer alan ıslah hatları moleküler olarak karakterize edilmi?tir. Sonuç olarak, gelecekte çe?it (genotip) te?hisi yapılmak istenildiğinde bu çalımadan üretilen verilerden yararlanılabilecektir.
