Afganistan'da yerel yönetimlerin yapılanma sorunu üzerine bir araştırma
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Tarih
2020
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi / Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Afganistan Devleti (resmi adıyla Afganistan ?slam Cumhuriyeti) üzerinde 20. yüzyıla kadar devam eden egemenlik mücadelesi çe?itli yönetim anlayı?larının benimsenmesini beraberinde getirmi?tir. Ülkenin modern anlamdaki ilk Anayasası 1923 yılında yapılmı? ve akabinde bir dizi Anayasal faaliyet gerçekle?tirilmi?tir. Ülkenin temel problemi yönetim ?ekillerinin Anayasallarda belirlenen ilkeler doğrultusunda gerçekle?tirilememesidir. Afganistan?da idari sistem genellikle her yöneticinin kendi anlayı?ına göre deği?mi?tir. Bu yüzden ülkede sabit bir idari sisteminden bahsetmek çok zordur. Günümüzde ise 2004 yılında yürürlüğe giren Anayasal ilkeler hâkimdir. Bu ilkelerle Afganistan?daki idari sistem merkezi yönetim ve yerel yönetim temelinde kurulmu?tur. Örgütsel yapının ve çağda? düzenin sağlanması adına bir dizi reform ve yenilik getirme çabaları ba?lamı?tır. Ülkede merkezi yönetim te?kilatının ta?ra kuru?ları yanı sıra yerel yönetimlerin Anayasal ve yasal zemine oturtulma çabası, modern anlamda yetersiz görülse de, yerelle?me açısından umut verici bir geli?medir. Ülkede yerelle?me açısından dikkat çeken bir diğer önemli nokta ise 2007 yılında Bağımsız Yerel Yönetim genel Ba?kanlığı?nın kurulmasıdır. Bu ba?kanlık merkez te?kilat ile ta?ra te?kilatı ve yerel yönetim arasındaki ili?kiyi düzenleyecek bir birimdir. Ancak uygulamaya bakıldığında bu kurumun yanı sıra gerek ta?ra te?kilatında gerekse yerel yönetimler üzerinde birden çok birimin söz sahibi olduğu görülmektedir. Ayrıca özellikle yerel yönetimlerde yasal çerçevede seçimle gelmesi öngörülen birimlerin seçimle gelmediği dikkat çekmektedir. Dolayısıyla Afganistan?da yerelle?me çabaları istenen sonuca ula?amamı?tır. Bu kapsamda, çalı?mada öncelikle yerelle?meye ili?kin kavramsal ve kuramsal alt yapı incelenmi?tir. Daha sonra idari yerelle?me çabaları özelinde Afganistan?ın yapılanmasına yön veren Anayasal ve yasal çerçeve ele alınmı?tır. Son olarak idari yerelle?me çabalarının önündeki engeller irdelenmi?tir. Sonuç olarak ülkenin yerelle?me çabalarını; dı? güçlerin ülkenin iç i?lerine karı?ması, etnik farklılıkların yoğunluğu, merkezin idari ve mali açıdan hâkimiyeti elinden vi bırakmama istemi, hesap verilebilirlik olgusunun etkin i?letilememesi gibi nedenler etkilediği görülmü?tür. Anahtar Kelimeler: Yerelle?me, ?dari Yerelle?me, Afganistan?da Yerelle?me Çabaları
Afghanistan officially known as (Islamic Republic of Afghanistan) has examined various systems and approaches for her sovereıgnty till 20th century. The country's first modern constitution was inacted in 1923, followed by a series of Constitutional activities and amendments. The main problem of the country is that the ruling governments do not considers the principles of constitutional law. The administrative system standards in Afghanistan has been changing in accordance to each manager's own understanding. Therefore, it is very difficult to talk about a fixed administrative system in the country. The Constitutional principles that came into force in 2004 is prevailed. With these principles, there is dual administrative system central government and local government. It provides organizational structure and modern order to be started Despite the establishment of local government which is a strong pillar for implementation of constitution at provincial and district level, but still more effort is needed. Another important point for localization of administrations is the establishment of the Independent Directorate of Local Governance (IDLG) in 2007. This institution is a unit that regulates the relationship between central and local government. However, when looking at the application, it is seen that, besides this institution, multiple units can organise in both the district administrations and local governance. In addition, it is noteworthy that the some units at provincial level should be elected in accordance with constitution provisions but in practice it has never happened which has affected the administration negatively. Therefore, localization efforts in Afghanistan did not reach the desired result. In this research, firstly, the conceptual and theoretical infrastructure regarding localization was examined. Then, the Constitutional and legal framework, which directs the structuring of Afghanistan in terms of administrative localization efforts, was discussed. As a result, the country's localization efforts; It has been observed that some major reasons like intervention of foreigners in domestic matters, the tribal structure of the society and ethnic viii discrimination are the main obstacles to distribute power between centre and local government, hence the central government have domination in all aspects of state affairs. Keywords: Localization, Administrative Localization, Localization Efforts in Afghanistan
Afghanistan officially known as (Islamic Republic of Afghanistan) has examined various systems and approaches for her sovereıgnty till 20th century. The country's first modern constitution was inacted in 1923, followed by a series of Constitutional activities and amendments. The main problem of the country is that the ruling governments do not considers the principles of constitutional law. The administrative system standards in Afghanistan has been changing in accordance to each manager's own understanding. Therefore, it is very difficult to talk about a fixed administrative system in the country. The Constitutional principles that came into force in 2004 is prevailed. With these principles, there is dual administrative system central government and local government. It provides organizational structure and modern order to be started Despite the establishment of local government which is a strong pillar for implementation of constitution at provincial and district level, but still more effort is needed. Another important point for localization of administrations is the establishment of the Independent Directorate of Local Governance (IDLG) in 2007. This institution is a unit that regulates the relationship between central and local government. However, when looking at the application, it is seen that, besides this institution, multiple units can organise in both the district administrations and local governance. In addition, it is noteworthy that the some units at provincial level should be elected in accordance with constitution provisions but in practice it has never happened which has affected the administration negatively. Therefore, localization efforts in Afghanistan did not reach the desired result. In this research, firstly, the conceptual and theoretical infrastructure regarding localization was examined. Then, the Constitutional and legal framework, which directs the structuring of Afghanistan in terms of administrative localization efforts, was discussed. As a result, the country's localization efforts; It has been observed that some major reasons like intervention of foreigners in domestic matters, the tribal structure of the society and ethnic viii discrimination are the main obstacles to distribute power between centre and local government, hence the central government have domination in all aspects of state affairs. Keywords: Localization, Administrative Localization, Localization Efforts in Afghanistan
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Yerelleşme, İdari Yerelleşme, Afganistan?da Yerelleşme Çabaları, Localization, Administrative Localization, Localization Efforts in Afghanistan
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Haidari, B.A. (2020). Afganistan'da yerel yönetimlerin yapılanma sorunu üzerine bir araştırma. (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Niğde
